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  1. 27 Molecular and Quantum Acoustics
  2. 12 Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
  3. 8 Optica Applicata
  4. 7 Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
  5. 5 Opto-Electronics Review
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  1. 79 Pustelny T.
  2. 22 Opilski Z.
  3. 20 Maciak E.
  4. 15 Struk P.
  5. 10 Gawlikowski M.
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  1. 2 2016
  2. 4 2015
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  5. 6 2012
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1
Content available Zastosowanie sztucznych sieci neuronowych do wyznaczania chwilowej objętości wyrzutowej pneumatycznej protezy serca
Grad L., Murawski K., Pustelny T., Murawska M.
Przegląd Teleinformatyczny
|
2016
|
T. 4, Nr 1-2 (41)
3--16
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie sztucznej sieci neuronowej do budowy sensora. W pracy rozwiązywane jest zadanie polegające na określeniu chwilowej objętości wyrzutowej krwi z komory krwistej pneumatycznej pozaustrojowej protezy serca. Badanie przeprowadzono na wytworzonym modelu protezy. Model składał się z komory pneumatycznej, membrany i komory powietrznej. W zrealizowanym eksperymencie membranę obserwowano kamerą w paśmie bliskiej podczerwieni. Obraz membrany poddano przetwarzaniu przez sztuczną sieć neuronową. Jej zadanie polegało na wyznaczeniu zależności występującej między widokiem (kształtem) membrany a chwilową objętością wyrzutową obserwowaną w układzie pomiarowym. Artykuł przedstawia strukturę użytej sztucznej sieci neuronowej, proces uczenia i testowania, układ pomiarowy oraz wyniki badań.
EN
The paper presents the use of artificial neural network in sensors application. The task is to determine the stroke volume of the blood chamber of heart prothesis. The tests were performed on the model of chamber of pneumatic prosthesis heart. In the considered task the surface of membrane is observed by a camera that works in the near-infrared band. Artificial neural network was used to determine the relationship between the real views of membrane and stroke volume. In the article the artificial neural network learning process and results of research are presented.
2
Content available Numerical Analysis of Sensitivity of SAW Structure to the Effect of Toxic Gases
Hejczyk T., Pustelny T., Wszołek B., Jakubik W., Maciak E.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2016
|
Vol. 41, No. 4
747--755
EN
The paper presents the results of numerical analysis of the SAW gas sensor in the steady and non-steady states. The effect of SAW velocity changes vs surface electrical conductivity of the sensing layer is predicted. The conductivity of the porous sensing layer above the piezoelectric waveguide depends on the profile of the diffused gas molecule concentration inside the layer. The Knudsen’s model of gas diffusion was used. Numerical results for the effect of gas CH4 on layers: WO3, TiO2, NiO, SnO2 in the steady state and CH4 in the non-steady state in recovery step in the WO3 sensing layer have been shown. The main aim of the investigation was to study thin film interaction with target gases in the SAW sensor configuration based on simple reaction-diffusion equation. The results of the numerical analysis allow to select the sensor design conditions, including the morphology of the sensor layer, its thickness, operating temperature, and layer type. The numerical results basing on the code elaborated numerical system (written in Python language), were analysed. The theoretical results were verified and confirmed experimentally.
3
Content available Wizyjny pomiar objętości wyrzutowej komory pneumatycznej pozaustrojowej pompy wspomagania serca
Murawski K., Pustelny T., Grad L., Murawska M.
Przegląd Teleinformatyczny
|
2015
|
T. 3, Nr 3-4 (40)
33-45
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących pomiaru objętości komory krwi mechanicznej protezy serca z wykorzystaniem przetwarzania obrazu. Podczas eksperymentów użyto zmodyfikowaną metodę pomiaru odległości do przedmiotu na podstawie jednego obrazu uzyskanego z nieruchomej kamery z obiektywem o stałej ostrości. Przedstawiono także budowę czujnika wideo oraz stanowisko pomiarowe opracowane przez autorów.
EN
The paper presents the research of measurement of blood chamber volume of mechanical prosthetic heart with use of image processing technique. During research the modified method of measurement distance to an object based on one image obtained from a motionless camera with a fixed-focus lens was used. The paper also presents the construction of video sensor and measuring station developed by the authors.
4
Content available Badanie wpływu wielkości markera na wynik pomiaru odległości nową metodą typu Depth From Defocus
Murawski K., Arciuch A., Pustelny T.
Przegląd Teleinformatyczny
|
2015
|
T. 3, Nr 3-4 (40)
47-60
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano przebieg oraz wyniki eksperymentu, którego celem było określenie wpływu wielkości początkowej markera na pomiar odległości z wykorzystaniem nowej metody należącej do grupy Depth From Defocus (DFD). Badana technika pomiarowa wspiera metodę wyznaczania kształtu membrany wiotkiej pozaustrojowej pneumatycznej pompy wspomagania serca (ang. Ventricular Assist Device - VAD). Badania przeprowadzono na stanowisku wyposażonym w kamerę stacjonarną i obiektyw o stałej ogniskowej. Kamera obserwowała markery w kształcie koła. W eksperymencie użyto markery o średnicy od 0,003 m do 0,009 m z krokiem 0,001 m. Wymiernym efektem pracy są zalecenia dotyczące doboru wielkości początkowej markera i stosowania nowej wizyjnej metody do pomiaru odległości.
EN
The article presents new results achieved during research the distance measuring method belonging to the Depth From Defocus techniques. The method has been developed to determining the shape of flaccid membrane used in Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). Shape is determined on the basis of distance measured between the CCD sensor plate of the camera and objects (markers) located on the flaccid membrane. The experiments were carried out using stationary camera and circular markers with a diameter from 0.003 m to 0.009 m. The goal of this paper is to present the influence of size of object (marker) on the distance range measured between camera and membrane used in external pneumatic prosthetic heart.
5
Content available Optical investigations of ZnO layers affected by some selected gases in the aspect of their application in optical gas sensors
Struk P., Pustelny T., Gołaszewska K., Borysiewicz M. A., Piotrowska A.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2015
|
Vol. 63, nr 4
829--836
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations of zinc oxide (ZnO) layers as a potential sensing material, being affected by certain selected gaseous environments. The investigations concerned the optical transmission through thin ZnO layers in wide spectral ranges from ultraviolet to the near infrared. The effect of the gaseous environment on the optical properties of zinc oxide layers with a thickness of ~ 400 nm was analyzed applying various technologies of ZnO manufacturing. Three kinds of ZnO layers were exposed to the effect of the gaseous environment, viz.: layers with relatively slight roughness (RMS several nm), layers with a considerable surface roughness (RMS some score of nm) and layers characterized by porous ZnO structures. The investigations concerned spectral changes in the transmission properties of the ZnO layers due to the effect of such gases as: ammonia (NH3), hydrogen (H2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The obtained results indicated the possibility of applying porous ZnO layered structures in optical gas sensors.
6
Content available Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Response of a SAW Structure with WO3 Layers on Action of Carbon Monoxide
Hejczyk T., Urbańczyk M., Pustelny T., Jakubik W.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2015
|
Vol. 40, No. 1
19--24
EN
The paper presents the results of an analysis of gaseous sensors based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) by means of the equivalent model theory. The applied theory analyzes the response of the SAW sensor in the steady state affected by carbon monoxide (CO) in air. A thin layer of WO3 has been used as a sensor layer. The acoustical replacing impedance of the sensor layer was used, which takes into account the profile of the concentration of gas molecules in the layer. Thanks to implementing the Ingebrigtsen equation, the authors determined analytical expressions for the relative changes of the velocity of the surface acoustic wave in the steady state. The results of the analysis have shown that there is an optimum thickness of the layer of CO sensor at which the acoustoelectric effect (manifested here as a change in the acoustic wave velocity) is at its highest. The theoretical results were verified and confirmed experimentally.
7
Content available remote Metody charakteryzacji grafenu wykorzystywanego w sensorowych układach rezystancyjnych
Drewniak S., Pustelny T., Strupiński W., Pasternak I., Opilski Z.
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Elektryka
|
2014
|
z. 2-3
63--72
PL
Zanieczyszczenie środowiska pociąga za sobą konieczność monitoringu wybranych atmosfer gazowych. W niniejszym artykule zostaną przedstawione wyniki charakteryzacji warstwy gazoczułej (grafenu) w rezystancyjnym czujniku cienkowarstwowym, pozwalającym wykrywać niskie zawartości wodoru oraz dwutlenku azotu w atmosferze powietrza syntetycznego. Zostaną przedstawione m.in. obrazy topografii powierzchni oraz widma ramanowskie struktury. Analizowane będą zmiany, jakie zachodzą w strukturze (obserwowane na widmach ramanowskich) pod wpływem jej kontaktu z atmosferą zawierającą 3% wodoru.
EN
The environmental pollution entails the monitoring of selected gas atmospheres. In this paper, the results of characterization the thin film resistance sensor (characterization of grapheme - sensitive layer) will be presented. Such sensor can detect the hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air at a very low level. There will be presented, among others, the images of topography and raman’s spectras of the structures. There will be analyzed changes which occure in the structure (observed at the Raman’s spectra) due to its contact with the atmosphere containing 3% hydrogen.
8
Content available ZnO - Wide bandgap semiconductor and possibilities of its application in optical waveguide structures
Struk P., Pustelny T., Gołaszewska K., Borysiewicz M. A., Kamińska E., Wojciechowski T., Piotrowska A.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2014
|
Vol. 21, nr 3
401--412
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the application of zinc oxide - a wideband gap semiconductor in optical planar waveguide structures. ZnO is a promising semiconducting material thanks to its attractive optical properties. The investigations were focused on the determination of the technology of depositions and the annealing of ZnO layers concerning their optical properties. Special attention was paid to the determination of characteristics of the refractive index of ZnO layers and their coefficients of spectral transmission within the UV-VIS-NIR range. Besides that, also the mode characteristics and the attenuation coefficients of light in the obtained waveguide structures have been investigated. In the case of planar waveguides, in which the ZnO layers have not been annealed after their deposition, the values of the attenuation coefficient of light modes amount to a ≈ 30 dB/cm. The ZnO layers deposited on the heated substrate and annealed by rapid thermal annealing in an N2 and O2 atmosphere, are characterized by much lower values of the attenuation coefficients: a ≈ 3 dB/cm (TE0 and TM0 modes). The ZnO optical waveguides obtained according to our technology are characterized by the lowest values of the attenuation coefficients a encountered in world literature concerning the problem of optical waveguides based on ZnO. Studies have shown that ZnO layers elaborated by us can be used in integrated optic systems, waveguides, optical modulators and light sources.
9
Cienkie warstwy ZnO wytwarzane techniką magnetronowego rozpylania katodowego : mikrostruktura i funkcjonalność
Borysiewicz M., Wzorek M., Gołaszewska K., Kamińska E., Piotrowska A., Dynowska E., Wojciechowski T., Jakieła R., Wojtowicz T, Struk P., Pustelny T.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2014
|
Vol. 55, nr 9
16-19
PL
W artykule opisano możliwości kontroli mikrostruktury i funkcjonalności cienkich warstw ZnO jakie wynikają z zastosowania do ich wytwarzania najnowszej generacji rozwiązań dla magnetronowego rozpylania katodowego. Omówiony został wpływ ciśnienia całkowitego mieszaniny gazów roboczych, stosunku przepływu tlenu do argonu w mieszaninie oraz temperatury podłoża podczas wzrostu warstw na ich mikrostrukturę. Przedyskutowana została także kwestia wprowadzania buforów czy warstw nukleacyjnych podczas wzrostu materiału. Zaprezentowano cienkie warstwy o konwencjonalnej kolumnowej mikrostrukturze jak również o mikrostrukturze monokrystalicznej pozbawionej kolumn oraz jedyne na świecie warstwy o strukturze nanoporowatej wytworzone na drodze magnetronowego rozpylania katodowego wraz z ich zastosowaniami.
EN
This communication covers the possibilities of microstructure and functionality control of thin ZnO films fabricated using the latest solutions for magnetron sputtering. The influence of the total working gas pressure, oxygen to argon gas flow ratio and the substrate temperature during growth on the film microstructure is discussed. The introduction of buffers and nucleation layers is also included. Thin films with conventional columnar mictrostructure are presented as well as monocrystalline films without columns and globally unique nanoporous ZnO films fabricated using magnetron sputtering. The applications of the films are also described.
10
Content available Studies of changes in electrical resistance of zinc oxide nanostructures under the influence of variable gaseous environments
Procek M., Pustelny T., Stolarczyk A., Maciak E.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2014
|
Vol. 62, nr 4
635--639
EN
The paper deals with the investigations concerning the influence of the changing gas environment on electrical resistance of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures. The investigated structures are wide-gap semiconductors with the morphology of ZnO flower-shaped agglomerates of nanostructures. The resistance changes of these nanostructures were tested under the influence of various gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), hydrogen (H2), ammonia (NH3) and also of humidity changes of carrier gases. To clarify the mechanisms of physicochemical processes in ZnO nanostructures during their interaction with gaseous environments, investigations were performed in two different carrier gases, viz. in synthetic air and in nitrogen. The study was carried out at a structure temperature of 200◦C.
11
Content available Acoustic System of Determining the Instantaneous Volume of the Blood Part of the Ventricular Assist Device POLVAD-EXT
Konieczny G., Pustelny T., Opilski Z., Gawlikowski M.
Archives of Acoustics
|
2014
|
Vol. 39, No. 4
541--548
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations concerning the noninvasive method of estimating the actual volume of the blood chamber of the POLVAD-EXT type ventricular assist device (VAD) during its operation. The proposed method is based on the principle of Helmholtz’s acoustic resonance. Both the theory, main stages of the development of the measurement method as well as the practical implementation of the proposed method in the physical model of the POLVAD-EXT device are dealt with. The paper contains the results of static measurements by means of the proposed method (conducted at the Department of Optoelectronics, Silesian University of Technology) as well as the dynamic measurements taken at the Foundation of Cardiac Surgery Development (Zabrze, Poland) with the professional model of the human cardiovascular system. The results of these measurements prove that the proposed method allows to estimate the actual blood chamber volume with uncertainties below 10%.
12
Content available remote Hybrid photonics structures with grating and prism couplers based on ZnO waveguides
Struk P., Pustelny T., Gołaszewska K., Kamińska E., Borysiewicz M. A., Ekielski M., Piotrowska A.
Opto-Electronics Review
|
2013
|
Vol. 21, No. 4
376-381
EN
This paper presents the results of investigations concerning input-output systems of an electromagnetic wave in the visible and near visible spectrum for their application in structures of integrated optics. The input-output structures used in described planar optical waveguides are in a form of prism and grating couplers. The first part of the paper contains numerical analysis of grating couplers aiming at an optimization of their geometrical parameters, strictly – the depth of the grooves in the grating coupler. The second part presents the practical realization, as well as experimental tests of the planar optical waveguide with the hybrid input-output system. As the input system of the electromagnetic wave, a prism coupler was used, and in the case of the output system – a photonic structure with grating coupler was applied. The investigated planar wave guides with the input-output structures were made of a wide energy band gap semiconductor – zinc oxide (ZnO).
13
Struktury hybrydowe oraz struktury sensorowe na bazie ZnO
Struk P., Pustelny T., Gołaszewska K., Borysiewicz M. A., Ekielski M., Kamińska E., Piotrowska A.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2013
|
Vol. 54, nr 9
43-45
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty badań hybrydowych układów wejścia wyjścia dla fali elektromagnetycznej z zakresu widzialnego i około widzialnego w strukturach optyki zintegrowanej. Przedstawione w publikacji hybrydowe układy wejścia-wyjścia dla falowodu planarnego wykorzystują sprzęgacz pryzmatyczny (układ wejścia), struktury fotoniczne ze sprzęgaczami siatkowymi (układ wyjścia). Ponadto w artykule zostały przedstawione rezultaty badań struktur sensorowych czułych na wybrane środowisko gazowe (amoniak oraz wodór). W pierwszej części publikacji zostały przedstawione badania numeryczne oraz eksperymentalne hybrydowych układów wejścia-wyjścia dla fali elektromagnetycznej w układach optyki zintegrowanej. W drugiej części publikacji przedstawiono rezultaty badań eksperymentalnych struktur sensorowych czułych na wybrane środowisko gazowe. Badane struktury falowodów planarnych, struktury fotoniczne oraz sensorowe zostały wykonane na bazie tlenku cynku (ZnO).
EN
This article presents the results of investigations concerning hybrid input- output systems of an electromagnetic wave in the visible and near visible spectrum for their application in structures of integrated optics. The hybrid input-output structures used in described planar optical waveguides are in the form of prism coupler (input system) and photonics structures grating couplers with spatial period Λ (output system). The first part of the paper contains numerical analyses as well as experimental results of the hybrid input-output system for light in planr waveguide applications. The second part of article presents the results of research gas sensors structures under influence of selected gas such as amonia and hydrogen in synthetic air enviroments. The investigated planar wavewuides with the hybrid input-output structures as well as gas sensors structures were made of a wide energy band gap semiconductor material - zinc oxide (ZnO).
14
Content available The sensitivity of sensor structures with oxide graphene exposed to selected gaseous atmospheres
Pustelny T., Drewniak S., Setkiewicz M., Maciak E., Urbańczyk M., Procek M., Gut K., Opilski Z., Jagiello J., Lipinska L.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 3
705--710
EN
The paper presents the results of investigations on the resistive structure with a graphene oxide (GO) sensing layer. The effects of dangerous gases (hydrogen and nitrogen dioxide) on the structure were studied; the resistance changes were examined during the flow of the selected gas in the atmosphere of synthetic air. Measurements were performed with a special emphasis on the detection of low concentrations of the analyzed gases. The reactions of the sensing structure to the effect of nitrogen and synthetic air at different humidity were also tested. Much attention was also paid to the fast response of the sensor to the changes in the gas atmosphere. The thin palladium layer (~2 nm) has been applied in order to improve the sensing properties of the structure. The investigations were performed in the temperature range from RT to 120°C and the analyzed gases in synthetic air were batched alternately with pure synthetic air.
15
Content available The sensibility of resistance sensor structures with graphene to the action of selected gaseous media
Pustelny T., Setkiewicz M., Drewniak S., Maciak E., Stolarczyk A., Urbańczyk M., Procek M., Gut K., Opilski Z., Pasternak I., Strupinski W.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2013
|
Vol. 61, nr 2
293--300
EN
The paper presents resistance sensor structures with a graphene sensing layer. The structures were tested concerning their sensitivity to the affects of hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide and steam in an atmosphere of a synthetic air. Investigations have proved that resistance structures with a graphene layer are sensitive to the presence of the tested gases. The resistance of the structures amounted to about 10Ω, whereas changes in the resistances affected by the external gaseous medium were contained within the range of a several mΩ. The investigations confirmed that the resistance structures with graphene exposed to the affect of hydrogen in atmosphere of synthetic air change their resistances practically at once (within the order of only a few seconds). This indicates that such structures might be practically applied in sensors of hydrogen ensuring a short time of response.
16
Content available remote Numerical analyses of optical couplers for planar waveguides
Pustelny T., Struk P.
Opto-Electronics Review
|
2012
|
Vol. 20, No. 3
201-206
EN
The paper presents the results of numerical analyses of optical structures realized in the form of planar waveguides made of materials with high values of the refractive index n ≈ 1.85. The analysed structures consist of a waveguide and input-output systems. Input-output couplers are realized in the form of prisms as well as Bragg's grating couplers. Numerical investigations were carried out by applying the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.
17
Content available The influence of limited dynamic response of the indicator detector in a Swan-Ganz catheter on the overestimation of cardiac output measurement by means of thermodilution
Gawlikowski M., Pustelny T.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, nr 4
751-758
EN
Nowadays the "gold clinical standard" of hemodynamics diagnostic and cardiac output measurements is pulmonary artery catheterization by means of the Swan-Ganz catheter and thermodilution. The method itself is sensitive to numerous disturbances which cause inaccurate results. One of the well-known disadvantages of thermodilution is the overestimation of results at low values of cardiac output. This effect may concern the limited slew rate of the thermoelement mounted at the tip of the catheter. In this paper the relationship between the dynamic response of the thermoelement and the uncertainty of cardiac output measurements by means of thermodilution has been investigated theoretically and experimentally.
18
Content available Sensors and systems for the detection of explosive devices - an overview
Bielecki Z., Janucki J., Kawalec A., Mikołajczyk J., Pałka N., Pasternak M., Pustelny T., Stacewicz T.
Metrology and Measurement Systems
|
2012
|
Vol. 19, nr 1
3-28
EN
The paper presents analyses of current research projects connected with explosive material sensors. Sensors are described assigned to X and γ radiation, optical radiation sensors, as well as detectors applied in gas chromatography, electrochemical and chemical sensors. Furthermore, neutron techniques and magnetic resonance devices were analyzed. Special attention was drawn to optoelectronic sensors of explosive devices.
19
Badanie struktur sensorowych na bazie tlenku cynku na oddziaływanie z wybranym środowiskiem gazowym
Struk P., Pustelny T., Gołaszewska K., Borysiewicz M. A., Piotrowska A.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2012
|
Vol. 53, nr 9
55-56
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badania oddziaływania wybranego środowiska gazowego ze strukturami sensorowymi wykonanymi w oparciu o tlenek cynku - materiał półprzewodnikowy z szeroką przerwą energetyczną. Badania ukazują zmiany właściwości optycznych - zmiany spektralnych charakterystyk transmisyjnych warstw sensorowych tlenku cynku w wyniku odziaływania struktury ze środowiskiem gazowym - dwutlenkiem azotu (NO₂) w powietrzu syntetycznym.
EN
The paper presents the results of investigation of gas sensor structures based on zinc oxide ZnO - a semiconductor material with wide energy gap. The investigation shows the changes of optical transmission of ZnO sensing structures under influence of the atmosphere containing nitrogen dioxide.
20
Content available Gas sensors based on nanostructures of semiconductors ZnO and TiO2
Pustelny T., Procek M., Maciak E., Stolarczyk A., Drewniak S., Urbańczyk M., Setkiewicz M., Gut K., Opilski Z.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
|
2012
|
Vol. 60, nr 4
853-859
EN
The paper presents a resistance structures with sensor layers based on nanostructures elaborated on the base of TiO2 and ZnO. The structures were tested concerning their sensitivities to the effects of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The TiO2 and ZnO nanostructures played the role of sensor layers. Investigations have proved that the elaborated resistance structures with TiO2 and ZnO layers are sensitive to the presence of NO2 in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The resistance of the structure amounted to about 20 in the case of ZnO structures and to about 200 in the case of TiO2 structures. The investigations confirmed that resistance structures with ZnO and TiO2, exposed to the effect of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere of synthetic air changes their resistances relatively fast. This indicates that such structures might be practically applied in sensors of nitrogen dioxide ensuring a short time of response.
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