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Furanokumaryny : naturalne związki organiczne o wielu właściwościach

Piechocka Justyna, Chwatko Grażyna, Owczarek Paulina

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2023

[Z] 77, 9-10

937--949

Psoralen and angelicin are organic, natural chemical compounds, belonging to the furanocoumarin group, which are quite common in nature. Among others, these compounds are present in plants of the celery, rutaceae, mulberry and bean families, such as celery, carrot, lemon and fig. Interestingly, they exhibit a variety of biological activities, for instance insecticidal, anticonvulsant, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. For this reason, they are commonly used in different area of life. For example, psoralen is used in photochemotherapy as a photosensitizer in the treatment of psoriasis or acquired vitiligo (PUVA therapy). However, there is evidence that overexposure to psoralen and angelicin can also cause adverse effects. For these reasons, a number of analytical methods have been developed for their determination in environmental samples, while the vast majority of them are based on separation techniques. This paper discusses issues related to psoralen and angelicin and their analytics.

Nowe substancje psychoaktywne : katynon i jego pochodne

Kurpet Katarzyna, Chwatko Grażyna

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2019

[Z] 73, 7-8

461--489

Cathinone is the major alkaloid found in the Catha edulis plant. The chemical structure of the cathinone is similar to amphetamine, and the difference in their structure is the presence of the ketone group in the beta side chain position. Synthetic derivatives belong to the novel group of psychoactive substances called “legal highs” or designer drugs. Synthetic cathinones are formed by modifications of the cathinone molecule consisting in the attachment of various substituents to the benzene ring and side chain and the use of a nitrogen atom to build the pyrrolidine ring. On this basis, these relationships can be divided into four main groups: N-alkylated, N-pyrrolidinyl, 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-alkylated and 3,4- methylenedioxy-N-pyrrolidinyl derivatives [1-2]. The simplicity of the synthesis and the availability of substrates favors the continuous process of modifying the cathinone derivatives covered by legal control. Therefore, continuous improvement of cathinone detection methods is extremely important for forensic chemistry. Cathinones easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier, inhibiting the uptake of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin or noradrenaline, and increase their concentration in the synaptic cleft. This leads to increased monoaminergic transmission in the central as well as in the peripheral nervous system, which entails a number of adverse effects [3]. In this article we described the pharmacokinetics, postulated neurochemical mechanisms and pharmacological and toxicological effects of cathinones. The current legal status of cathinone derivatives and selected synthesis methods was also discussed. We believe these information contribute improving public health and safety.