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Overview of the quality criteria for soil in the East European countries

Gregorauskiene V.

Polish Geological Institute Special Papers

2008

Vol. 24

45-54

The paper discusses criteria introduced into the several East European countries legislations concerning soil quality. The connected guideline values vary in a very broad range, combining scientific recommendations and common experience. Some soil standards are integrated and designed to protect both soil and drinking water quality. Soil guidelines certificate different contamination levels in different countries for the same hazardous elements and the same types of the land-use sites. All the applied criteria have been critically reviewed, and specific legal requirements enforced in particular countries presented.

W artykule przedstawiono kryteria określające jakość gleb, stosowane w krajach wschodnioeuropejskich. Odpowiednie wymogi różnią się w tych krajach w bardzo szerokim zakresie, chociaż wszystkie opierają się na naukowych podstawach oraz na praktycznym doświadczeniu. Niektóre standardy glebowe powiązane są z wymogami stawianymi wodom pitnym, chroniąc przed zanieczyszczeniem obydwa te środowiska. Przepisy stosowane w poszczególnych krajach dopuszczają jednak różne zawartości w glebach tych samych zanieczyszczających składników. Wszystkie kryteria dotyczące jakości gleb, stosowane w poszczególnych krajach wschodniej Europy, zostały w artykule dość szczegółowo przedstawione i krytycznie ocenione.

Vertical distribution patterns of trace and major elements within soil profile in Lithuania

Gregorauskiene V., Kadunas V.

Geological Quarterly

2006

Vol. 50, No. 2

229-237

The vertical distribution of the total contents assayed by Dc-Arc ES analysis of 28 trace elements and 6 major elements measured by ICP-MS within 53 complete soil profiles in Lithuania are presented. Models of the soil profiles were created, each having the master soil horizons A, E, B and C. Median values of elements in the master horizons of different texture were used in place of missing samples, while aberrant samples were discarded. The absolute average deviation () was taken to measure the variability of the data subsets and thus to check the reliability of location of the element contents within the soil profile. Within the context of the different actions of the various soil-forming processes (podzolization, lessivage, gleyfication, humification and so on) the general patterns of vertical element distribution were revealed. Element depletion is dominant in the soils of Lithuania. Themost easily removed are the alkaline elements Ca and Mg, while U, B, Th, As, Co, Cr, Sr, Y, Mo, La, Sc, Yb, Ti, P and K are depleted through the whole soil profile. Ag, Pb, Sn and Mn were defined as the accumulative elements in the surface A-horizon and might be influenced by anthropogenic or biogenic processes. A relative accumulation of Zr, Ba and Nb was observed in the surface A-horizon, and this seems to be related to the weathering of resistant minerals. Levels of Fe, Li, Al, V, Zn, Ga, Ni, Cu and Rb were ascribed to elements precipitated in the soil illuvial B-horizon due to soil formation processes. Na, K, Sr, B, U, As, Co Rb and Yb were found to be the most immobile elements within typical soil profiles, while Ag, Zn, Sc, Ba, Cu, Zr, Fe La, Th and Ca are themostmobile elements and affected by a variety of natural and human factors.