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Economic migration as an outcome of globalization and integration processes affecting the competitiveness of regions

Kowalewska Grażyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2019

z. 139

243--256

Economic migration of adolescents is of global nature. The openness and free flow of goods, services, and capital within the EU facilitate migration movements. A region’s competitiveness may be indicated by good health care within its limits (the lowest possible percentage of adolescents emigrating after graduating from nursing studies), especially in the ageing Polish population. A higher number of professionally-active nurses reduces the shortage of the mid-level staff at hospitals, which is of particular importance to the families with children and the elderly (grandparents). The primary objective of this study was to identify factors that encourage nursing graduates to leave the country, in order to eliminate them. In addition, factors encouraging nursing students to return from emigration were established as well, as this knowledge would facilitate the increase of the region’s competitiveness, especially in the health care sector. The manuscript presents the results of a survey conducted among 181 students of the nursing major at the University of Rzeszów, based on an original questionnaire. A logistic regression model was developed to verify the strength of correlations between the inclination to migrate and the prospect of a better job and of having a family in the destination country. In addition, a correspondence analysis was employed at the observational-empirical level to depict a relationship between, i. a., the inclination to migrate and the push factors. The valuable human potential of nurses can be kept in the country through, primarily, increasing their salaries and improving their work conditions.

Canthaxanthin in recent sediments as an indicator of heterocystous cyanobacteria in coastal waters

Krajewska Magdalena, Szymczak-Żyła Małgorzata, Kobos Justyna, Witak Małgorzata, Kowalewska Grażyna

Oceanologia

2019

No. 61 (1)

78--88

The mean share of heterocystous cyanobacteria in total chlorophyll-a production in coastal waters, based on cyanobacterial marker carotenoid and chloropigments preserved in recent sediments (0-5 cm, ca 30 years), has been studied in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic) and for comparison in the Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (southern Norway). First of all, Baltic cyanobacteria, both from laboratory cultures and field samples, were analysed to select marker heterocysteous cyanobacteria carotenoids for sediments. The pigment relation to diatom percentages of different salinity preferences has been tested, to confirm origin of cyanobacteria. The results indicate that canthaxanthin is the best marker of heterocystous cyanobacteria in the southern Baltic Sea. These filamentous cyanobacteria inflow to the Gulf of Gdańsk from the open sea and their abundance has increased in the last thirty years, in comparison with previous time. In that period they made up ca 4.6% of the total chlorophyll-a production in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The estimate for Oslofjord, at the same assumptions, suggests that heterocystous cyanobacteria occurred there also (up to 5.8% of the total chlorophyll-a production), were of marine origin, but their abundance has decreased during the last thirty years. Such an estimate may be used in environmental modelling and can be applied to other coastal areas, once the marker pigments of the main cyanobacteria species have been identified, and the percentage of total chlorophyll-a produced in a basin, preserved in sediments, has been determined for such area.