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Case Study of the PM2.5 and PM10 Local Elimination Device – The Impact on Indoor Air Quality

Szatyłowicz Ewa, Siemiończyk Emilia, Hawrylik Eliza

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

32--39

EN

Due to its irritating, allergenic, toxic, pathogenic, and carcinogenic effects, suspended particulate matter (PM) seriously threatens human health. Therefore, it seems obvious to control the level of concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles and their reduction in the indoor environment such as homes, workplaces, or public utilities. In the following work, an attempt was made to determine the efficiency of a home air purifier based on the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particles at selected measurement points in a teaching room located in the building of the Bialystok University of Technology. The tests were carried out in March and in April 2021, using the DT-96 meter, which measured the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in the air. The study included the time and intensity of air purifier operation. In addition, reference was made to the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in outdoor air, which was measured at measuring stations in the city of Bialystok. The obtained test results made it possible to assess the initial state of air quality in the test room, as well as to determine the parameters affecting the best efficiency of the air purifier and to notice the dependencies in changes in the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 between the indoor and outdoor environment.

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Toxicity assessment of sewage sludge from municipal sewage treatment plants

Hawrylik Eliza, Butarewicz Andrzej, Andraka Marzanna

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2022

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nr 3

257--268

EN

The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of sewage sludge from the municipal sewage treatment plant in Bialystok. Raw sewage, sewage sludge from the primary settling tank, activated sludge, sludge before the fermentation chamber, recirculated sludge and sewage sludge after fermentation and dehydration on press were tested. The Microtox Model 500 kit using Aliivibrio fischeri luminescent bacteria was used for the toxicity analyzes. The EC50 index (indicating the concentration of toxic substances resulting in a 50% reduction in the intensity of luminescence of the bacterial strains used) converted into the TUa toxicity units was adopted as the value describing the toxicity of the tested media. The obtained results showed high and very high ecotoxicity of raw sewage and sewage sludge from the primary settling tank, sludge in front of the fermentation chamber and after fermentation and dehydration in the press. The use of tests determining the toxicity of sewage flowing into the sewage treatment plant and sewage sludge generated at various stages of the treatment process allows to detect the danger associated with the uncontrolled discharge of toxic substances into the sewage system.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena toksyczności osadów ściekowych pochodzących z komunalnej oczyszczalni ścieków w Białymstoku. Badaniom poddano ścieki surowe, osad ściekowy z osadnika wstępnego, osad czynny, osad przed komorą fermentacyjną, osad recyrkulowany oraz osad ściekowy po fermentacji i odwodnieniu na prasie. Do analiz toksyczności posłużył zestaw Microtox Model 500 wykorzystujący bakterie luminescencyjne Aliivibrio fischeri. Jako wartość określającą toksyczność badanych mediów przyjęto wskaźnik ECH (wskazujący na stężenie substancji toksycznych powodujące 50% zmniejszenie natężenia luminescencji wykorzystanych szczepów bakteryjnych) przeliczony na jednostki toksyczności TUa. Uzyskane wyniki pokazały wysoką oraz bardzo wysoką ekotoksyczność ścieków surowych oraz osadu ściekowego z osadnika wstępnego, osadu przed komorą fermentacyjną oraz po fermentacji i odwodnieniu na prasie. Wykorzystanie badań określających toksyczność ścieków dopływających do oczyszczalni ścieków oraz osadów ściekowych powstających na różnych etapach procesu oczyszczania pozwala na wykrycie niebezpieczeństwa jakie wiąże się z niekontrolowanym zrzutem substancji toksycznych trafiających do kanalizacji.

3

Influence of Low-Frequency Ultrasound on the Disintegration of Coliform and Fecal Coliform Bacteria

Hawrylik Eliza, Butarewicz Andrzej

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 9

192--197

EN

Wastewater contains an abundance of pathogenic microorganisms, which, if they infiltrate into the environment, can cause many bacterial diseases. The lack of widespread use of the wastewater disinfection process raises more and more concerns about the sanitary quality of the wastewater leaving treatment plants. This article aimed to test the effectiveness of the ultrasonic disintegration process against coliform bacteria and fecal coliforms in the treated wastewater. The paper presents the research on the use of ultrasound with a frequency of 20 and 40 kHz, with a variable and constant operating mode of an ultrasonic cleaner. The obtained test results confirm the effectiveness of the applied method. In most of the analyzed cases, 25-minute sonication reduced the number of tested microorganisms by over 90% compared to the control sample. Ultrasonic disintegration can therefore be successfully used in municipal wastewater treatment plants. The use of ultrasound for disinfection can improve the sanitary safety of the wastewater discharged into water or soil.

4

Methods used in disinfections of wastewater and sewage sludge - short review

Hawrylik Eliza

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2020

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Vol. 13, no. 2

57--63

EN

Wastewater and sewage sludge are a place of occurrence of many microorganisms, including viruses, pathogenic and relatively pathogenic bacteria. They can leak into other environments, i.e. receiver waters or soil, thus creating a biological hazard. Increasing the sanitary level of safety of municipal wastewater treatment plants requires the introduction of disinfection of sewage and sewage sludge. The purpose of this article is a short review of the literature on methods used in disinfection of wastewater and sewage sludge. The work discusses the sanitary characteristics of wastewater and sewage sludge, primarily paying attention to the physical and chemical methods used to disinfect them. In addition, attention was also paid to the aspect of practical use of disinfection in municipal wastewater treatment plants around the world.

5

Ultrasonic Disintegration of Bacteria Contained in Treated Wastewater

Hawrylik Eliza

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 9

171--176

EN

The amount of wastewater discharged in Poland is constantly increasing. Although wastewater is subjected to purification processes, it constitutes the habitat of many microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, which infiltrate into the environment and may pose a biological threat. The purpose of this paper was to explore the possibility of using a low-frequency ultrasound to disintegrate the microorganisms found in the treated wastewater. The paper presents the research on the use of ultrasound with a frequency of 20 and 40 kHz, with variable and constant operation mode of an ultrasonic cleaner, to destroy the bacteria of the Sarcina genus. The results obtained indicate the effective action of ultrasonic waves in relation to the microorganisms studied. Already a 5-minute exposure to ultrasound at a frequency of 20 kHz with a continuous operation mode of the device reduced the number of bacteria by over 60%. The 30-minute operation of 40 kHz ultrasonic waves resulted in 80% decrease in the number of microorganisms, compared to the control. The obtained results prove the possibility of using the ultrasonic disintegration process in municipal wastewater treatment plants.

6

The usage of ultrasounds to disintegrate escherichia coli bacteria contained in treated wastewater

Hawrylik Eliza

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 3

131--136

EN

Sewage and sewage sludge is a place of the occurrence of many microorganisms, including pathogenic and relatively pathogenic bacteria. They may reach other environments, e.g. receiver waters or soil, thus creating a biological threat. The aim of this paper was to study, in laboratory conditions, the effect of low-frequency ultrasound on the disintegration of Escherichia coli bacteria present in purified wastewater. E. coli bacilli and ultrapure water were used for the study. The samples were exposed to ultrasounds at 20 and 40 kHz for variable time of sonication and at two different modes of the ultrasonic cleaner operation: continuous and pulsed. Studies have shown that ultrasound has an effective impact on E. coli bacilli. Already the 3-minute interaction of ultrasounds at 20 kHz with the pulsation mode of impact of the device caused a decrease in the number of these bacteria by over 90%. The 20-minute operation of 40 kHz ultrasound waves resulted in a decrease in the amount of bacteria by nearly 70% compared to the control. The obtained results, therefore, indicate the possibility of using the disintegration process of low frequency ultrasounds for removing Escherichia coli bacteria present in treated wastewater.