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1

Influence of Weave Design and Yarn Types on Mechanical and Surface Properties of Woven Fabric

Azeem M., Ahmad Z., Wiener J., Fraz A., Siddique H. F., Havalka A.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2018

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Vol. 26, no. 1 (127)

42--45

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of spinning technologies and weave design on fabric mechanical and surface properties. For this purpose, ring spun (combed, carded) and open-end (OE) techniques were used to manufacture yarns of polyester cotton (50:50) which were used in the weft, and 100% cotton yarn in the warp. Plain, twill, and satin weave designs were selected to construct woven samples on a projectile loom. The variation in fabric tensile strength is obvious with respect to weave designs. Higher interlacing of yarn produces more crimp in the load bearing, which may cause lower breaking strength and fewer broad floats. The mechanical and surface properties of these fabric samples were investigated and statistical analysis was performed, which showed a significant effect of the spinning technique and weave design on these properties.

PL

Celem tego badania było zbadanie wpływu technologii przędzenia i splotu na właściwości mechaniczne i powierzchniowe tkaniny. Przy zastosowaniu systemu obrączkowego i bezwrzecionowego wytworzono przędzę bawełniano-poliestrową(50:50) i przędzę w 100% bawełnianą. Następnie na krośnie chwytakowym wytworzono tkaniny o splotach płóciennym i atłasowym. Różnice w wytrzymałości na rozciąganie tkanin są oczywiste w odniesieniu do wzorów splotów. Większe przeplatanie przędzy powoduje więcej karbikowania, co może powodować niższą wytrzymałość na zerwanie. Zbadano mechaniczne i powierzchniowe właściwości próbek tkanin i wykonano analizę statystyczną, która wykazała istotny wpływ techniki przędzenia i rodzaju splotu na właściwości mechaniczne i powierzchniowe tkanin.

2

Effect of a Superabsorbent for the Improvement of Car Seat Thermal Comfort

Mazari F. B., Mazari A., Havelka A., Wiener J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2017

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Vol. 25, no. 2 (122)

83--87

EN

The use of super absorbent polymers (SAP) for moisture absorption and comfort is still unexplored. The aim of this work was to observe the application of super absorbent fibres in car seats for comfort purposes. In this research the efficiency of different SAP fibrous webs were determined under different moisture percentages to examine the sorption and desorption efficiency. A SAP fibrous web with low thickness and high moisture absorption were tested with a multilayer sandwich structure of a car seat cover to determine moisture absorption through the cover material. The standard Cup method was used to determine the moisture permeability of different car seat covers with a superabsorbent layer closed with impermeable polyurethane foam. It was observed that the SAP fibrous layers are very effective in absorbing and desorbing water vapour under extremely high and low moisture percentages. In extreme humid conditions (95%RH), 20g of the SAP layer absorbs nearly 70% of its weight in water vapour, reaching the maximum absorption capacity in 6 hours.

PL

W fotelach samochodowych, w celu podniesienia ich właściwości użytkowych, zastosowano włókna superabsorbujące . Badano efektywność różnych tkanin poprzez określenie sorpcji i desorpcji w różnej wilgotności. W celu określenia absorpcji wilgoci przez materiał pokrywający fotele samochodowe badano superabsorbujące materiały włókniste o małej grubości i wysokiej absorpcji wilgoci. Określono przepuszczalności pary wodnej dla różnych pokryć foteli samochodowych. Zaobserwowano, że materiały superabsorbujące są bardzo efektywne w absorpcji i desorpcji pary wodnej w ekstremalnie wysokiej i niskiej wilgotności. W warunkach ekstremalnych, przy wilgotności (95% RH) 20 g warstwy SAP pochłania prawie 70% ciężaru pary wodnej i osiąga maksymalną zdolność absorpcyjną w ciągu 6 godzin.

3

Ozone Effect On the Properties of Aramid Fabric

Wang Y., Wiener J., Militky J., Mishra R., Zhu G.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 2

164--169

EN

The limitation of aramid fiber is its surface property, which results in its very poor interfacial adhesion to most of commercial resins. In order to improve the surface property of the aramid fiber, ozone treatment was carried out in this work. The aramid fabrics were evaluated in terms of surface morphology, wicking effect, tensile property, and ball bursting test. The results showed that the surface morphology of aramid fabrics did not undergo an obvious change; the wicking effect increased slightly with an increase in ozone treatment time; the tenacity and elongation of aramid fibers and fabrics did not significant change after ozone treatment, but the tenacity and elongation of aramid yarns showed significant improvement after ozone treatment, and increased with the increase of ozone treatment time; the ball bursting load and penetration displacement had a slight increase as well after ozone treatment. Therefore, ozone treatment could be one method to improve the surface property of the aramid fiber.

4

Effect of UV Irradiation on Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Natural and Synthetic Fabric Before and After Nano-Tio2 Padding

Wiener J., Chládová A., Shahidi S., Peterová L.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 4

370--378

EN

In this study, the effect of UV irradiation on mechanical properties of both natural and synthetic fabrics is investigated. Also the UV degradation of fabrics before and after TiO2 padding is studied. Cotton is used as natural fabric, and polyester, polypropylene, and polyamide were used as synthetic fabrics. After deposition with TiO2, prepared samples were irradiated by different dosage of UV light and the changes in fiber surface and the adhesion of nanoparticles is tested. The scanning electron microscopy, elemental analyses of Ti, and other methods were used. In some cases, the effect of stabilization of nanoparticles on fibers by UV light was realized. Reasons of this stabilization are the surface changes of polymer fibers-increase in surface roughness and oxidation of surface.

5

3D Numerical Simulation of Laminar Flow and Conjugate Heat Transfer through Fabric

Zhu G., Kremenakova D., Wang Y., Militky J., Mishra R., Wiener J.

Autex Research Journal

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2017

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Vol. 17, no. 1

53--60

EN

The air flow and conjugate heat transfer through the fabric was investigated numerically. The objective of this paper is to study the thermal insulation of fabrics under heat convection or the heat loss of human body under different conditions (fabric structure and contact conditions between the human skin and the fabric). The numerical simulations were performed in laminar flow regime at constant skin temperature (310 K) and constant air flow temperature (273 K) at a speed of 5 m/s. Some important parameters such as heat flux through the fabrics, heat transfer coefficient, and Nusselt number were evaluated. The results showed that the heat loss from human body (the heat transfer coefficient) was smallest or the thermal insulation of fabric was highest when the fabric had no pores and no contact with the human skin, the heat loss from human body (the heat transfer coefficient) was highest when the fabric had pores and the air flow penetrated through the fabric.

6

Ozonation: a green source for oxidized cotton

Maqsood H. S., Wiener J., Baheti V., Eldeeb M., Militky J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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Vol. 24, no. 1 (115)

19--21

EN

Research was carried out on the oxidation of cellulose by ozone treatment. It is considered as environment friendly in comparison with the existing oxidation methods used in industry for a long time. This treatment is used in different applications such as the scouring / bleaching of cotton fabrics and in improving the properties of Kraft pulp cellulose in the paper industry. In this study, the effect of Ozone treatment on cotton yarn properties was investigated. This investigation can help in obtaining the maximum crystalline percentage of cotton for the production of nano-crystalline cellulose. Two-ply cotton ring spun yarn was treated with ozone gas for different time periods. Yarn tensile properties, wickability, the copper number and physical appearance were observed. It is evident that yarn tensile properties deteriorate drastically after a certain time, while the wickability and copper number increase simultaneously.

PL

Badano oksydacje celulozy za pośrednictwem ozonu. Jest to metoda uważana jako ekologiczna w porównaniu do innych stosowanych w przemyśle metod oksydacji. Tego rodzaju obróbka stosowana jest w różnego rodzaju procesach takich jak odtłuszczanie i bielenie wyrobów bawełnianych oraz dla polepszenia właściwości masy celulozowej w przemyśle papierniczym. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ obróbki ozonem na właściwości przędz bawełnianych. Badania te są przydatne dla uzyskania maksymalnej procentowej zawartości struktur krystalicznych w bawełnie przy produkcji nano-krystalicznej celulozy. Bawełniane przędze obrączkowe poddawano działaniu ozonu w różnych przedziałach czasowych. Następnie badano właściwości wytrzymałościowe zwilżalność, liczbę miedziową i inne właściwości fizyczne. Stwierdzono, że podczas obróbki ozonem właściwości wytrzymałościowe zmniejszają się drastycznie podczas gdy zwilżalność i liczba miedziowa ulegają zwiększeniu.

7

Mechanical Properties Of Traditional And Nanofibre Textiles

Ursíny P., Bílek M., Moučková E., Pokorná M., Tumajer P., Wiener J.

Autex Research Journal

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2015

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Vol. 15, no. 3

198--206

EN

This study deals with a comparison of mechanical properties of a conventional yarn and a textile from nanofibres. The conventional yarn represents the textile objects with high degree of orientation of fibres and the textile from nanofibres represents the textile objects with low degree of orientation of fibres. The theoretical section is concerned with the issue of internal structure of plied yarn and resulting differences in the orientation and straightening of fibres and in utilisation of deformation properties of fibres in comparison to the referred nano textile. The experimental section describes the manner of realisation of both static and dynamic tests of conventional yarn and strips of nanofibres. The results show differences in the mechanical properties of conventional yarn and textile strip from nanofibres under static and dynamic loading conditions. The processing technology of conventional yarn has been verified in the long term. But textiles from nanofibres are a relatively new material and mechanical properties of the detected differences point out possible problems with their behaviour during standard technological processes.

8

Effect of Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)/Nitrogen Plasma Polymerisation on the Anti Felting and Dyeability of Wool Fabric

Shahidi S, Ghoranneviss M, Wiener J, Moazzenchi B, Mortazavi H

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2014

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Vol. 22, no. 3 (105)

116--119

EN

This work is focused on the characterisation of the physical and surface properties of plasma coated wool fabric. A thin film was deposited on wool fabric samples by means of the plasma polymerisation of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and differences between such plasma-treated and untreated fabrics were evaluated. The films deposited were characterised by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Also the surface morphology of samples was studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Hydrophobic properties of the samples were tested using the water drop test. The results show that by plasma polymerisation, hydrophobic properties of the wool surface change to super hydrophobic. The main aim of the HMDSO/N2 plasma polymerisation of wool fabrics is to improve anti felting properties and dyeing behaviour.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań możliwości modyfikacji właściwości technologicznych tkaniny wełnianej, w tym hydrofobowości, zabarwialności barwnikiem kwasowym, odporności na spilśnianie oraz kurczliwości w kąpielach wodnych, w wyniku wytwarzania na powierzchni włókien cienkiej warstewki spolimeryzowanego HMDSO (heksametyldisiloksanu). Warstewka ta wytwarzana jest poprzez polimeryzację HMDSO w środowisku niskociśnieniowej plazmy niskotemperaturowej (LTP). Badania przeprowadzony przy zastosowaniu spektroskopii FTIR oraz mikroskopii SEM. Niezależnie od tego badano hydrofobowość powierzchni testem kroplowym. Wyniki wykazały, że powierzchnia wykazała charakter super-hydrofobowy.

9

Theoretical Model of the Influence of Textile Structure on Wetting Hysteresis

Bachurová M., Wiener J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2013

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Vol. 21, no. 2 (98)

80--83

EN

In our work we theoretically analysed the influence of textile structure on the hysteresis of wetting. The situation with current fabrics is complicated and the properties of fibers, yarns, and geometric arrangement also influence their wetting. The basis of the theoretical model is a simple plain weave fabric made from monofilaments. From this model we determined the real contact angle and apparent contact angle, and later we compared these values with results from the experimental measurement.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano pod względem teoretycznym wpływ struktury tkaniny na histerezę zwilżania. Właściwości włókien, przędz i układ geometryczny mają wpływ na zwilżanie tkanin. Podstawą modelu teoretycznego jest tkanina o splocie prostym wykonana z monofilamentów. Wyznaczono rzeczywisty i pozorny kąt zwilżania, a następnie porównano otrzymane wartości z wynikami pomiarów eksperymentalnych.

10

Properties of modified carboxymethyl cellulose prepared by lyophilisation

Borůvková K., Wiener J.

Autex Research Journal

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2013

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Vol. 13, no. 3

79--81

EN

This study deals with the change of selected properties of samples of modified carboxymethyl cellulose after freeze drying. The investigated properties were changes in thickness, permeability, water sorption, thermal area resistance and thermal absorbing capacity. The prepared materials were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The product of presented technology has large internal surface, high wettability and biodegradability. It is nontoxic with high potential in biological applications.

11

Langmuir isotherm models applied to the sorption of acid dyes from effluent onto polyamide nanofibers

Wang Y., Wiener J., Zhu G.

Autex Research Journal

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2013

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Vol. 13, no. 3

95--98

EN

The ability of polyamide 6 nanofibers membrane (P6NM) to remove acid dyes from effluent solution by adsorption has been studied. Equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of three acid dyes, Acid blue 41 (AB41), Acid blue 78 (AB78), and Acid yellow 42 (AY42), on P6NM were measured experimentally. Simulated wastewater of acid dyes with the concentration of 10 mg/L for sorption process electrospun polyamide 6 with mass per unit area 12 g/m2 was used as the sorbent material. Ten sets of P6NM were dipped in separate simulated effluent. The weight of the original P6NM and the concentration of left solution were detected. Results were analyzed by the Langmuir equation using a linearized correlation coefficient. And it showed that all the dyes tested could follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which gave excellent correlation for all the dyes.

12

Development of carboxymethyl cellulose/ polyphenols gels for textile applications

Krizova H., Wiener J.

Autex Research Journal

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2013

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Vol. 13, no. 2

33--36

EN

The aim of this study was to determine release rate and changes in polyphenols’ content, which were sorbed to carboxymethyl cellulose gel and subsequently desorbed. An aqueous extract of blue marc vine variety Fratava was used as a source of polyphenols. The gel was dried into a solid film and polyphenols were then desorbed again by dissolving this film in saline (isotonic) solution. Further, the influence of different times of high temperature (180°C) of drying gel on change in the amount of released polyphenols and also kinetics of their release in re-transfer of the film on the gel and solution was studied. The process simulates the possible use of carboxymethyl cellulose/ polyphenols film sorbed on textile materials and its contact with the tissues and body fluids such as course of wound healing.

13

Properties of Wool and Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Eucalyptus, Tannin and Flavonoids Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit

Kryštůfek J., Wiener J., Studničková J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2011

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Vol. 19, no. 2 (85)

90-95

EN

Fabrics made from wool and cotton were dyed with eucalyptus leaf extract, rutin, querecetin and tannin dyes by the pad-dry technique. In this experiment, ferrous sulfate was used as a mordant. Te dyeing properties were evaluated by measuring K/S values and CIELAB. Te different fastness properties were also evaluated. Te efect of dyes at diferent concentration levels with respect to their colour strength was also studied.

14

Dyeing, fastness, and UV protection properties of silk and wool fabrics dyed with eucalyptus leaf extract by the exhaustion process

Mongkholrattanasit R., Krystufek J., Wiener J., Vikova M.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2011

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Vol. 19, no. 3 (86)

94-99

EN

This research was concerned with dye extraction from the leaves of eucalyptus and with the application of this dye for silk and wool fabric dyeing by the exhaustion process. Optimal results were achieved when dyeing at 90 °C for 40 minutes and at pH 4. Silk and wool fabrics dyed in a solution composed of eucalyptus extract from leaves in combination with a mordant compound showed a shade of yellowish-brown. An exception was when the fabrics were dyed with FeSO4 mordant, resulting in a shade of dark grayish-brown. The colour fastness to light and rubbing after dyeing the silk and wool fabrics treated with the mordant was investigated, the results of which showed fair to good fastness, whereas the colour fastness to washing was at a good to very good level. The results confirmed that natural dyes from eucalyptus leaf extract have potential applications for fabric dyeing and producing ultraviolet (UV) protective silk and wool fabrics.

PL

Badano barwienie jedwabiu i wełny ekstraktem z liści eukaliptusowych. Optymalne wyniki uzyskano barwiąc w temperaturze 90 °C przez 40 minut przy pH 4. Przy zastosowaniu odpowiedniej zaprawy uzyskiwano odcień żółtobrązowy, za wyjątkiem zastosowania zaprawy z FeSO4, kiedy to uzyskano ciemny odcień szarobrązowy. Badano trwałość barwnika i stwierdzono średnią lub dobrą trwałość, odporność na pranie natomiast była dobra lub bardzo dobra. W efekcie stwierdzono potencjalną przydatność praktyczną badanego barwnika.

15

Water absorption in carboxymethyl cellulose

Boruvkova K., Wiener J.

Autex Research Journal

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2011

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Vol. 11, no. 4

110--113

EN

The paper deals with the testing of carboxymethyl cellulose properties. It was verified whether carboxymethyl cellulose soaked in water, salt solution or pH adjusted water resulted in better sorption properties than 100% cellulose represented by standardised cotton fabric. During the measurements the samples were dipped into water of different temperatures (10°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C, 50°C), in a NaCl solution (concentration 0.1g/l, 0.9 g/l, 5 g/l and 10 g/l) and in water with a modified pH (5, 7, 9). Another measure was aimed at monitoring changes in the structure of the textile samples soaked in water at a temperature of 20°C with subsequent drying, which was carried out using an electron microscope.

16

Dyeing of glass fibres by the sol gel method

Chládová A., Wiener J., Luthuli J. M., Zajícová V.

Autex Research Journal

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2011

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Vol. 11, no. 1

18--23

EN

This study focused on the dyeing of glass fibres by colour layers created by the sol gel method. Glass fibres are used as a typical example of fibres with non-ideal dyeing properties. Glass and similar dyes are rigid, the internal fibre structure is non-porous and the glass transition temperature is very high. The sol gel method is used for the fixation of selected dyes on the fibre surface. In this study , we compared basic, disperse and met al complex dyes. The properties of coloured textiles were tested by standard and modified fastness tests. The stability to temperature, washing and light was different according the basic properties of the used dyes. The results of the tests are discussed in this paper. The process of dyeing fibres with sol simultaneously results in reasonable dye fastnesses to the fibres; at the same time, bright and dark shades can also be obtained. The sol used is based on the blending of 3-trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate in isoprop anol with supporting chemicals (water , HCl, benzoyl peroxide).

17

Determination of surface free energy of polyamide, polypropylene and polyethyleneterephtalate surfaces from contact angle hysteresis

Bachurová M., Wiener J.

Autex Research Journal

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2011

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Vol. 11, no. 3

84--88

EN

Contact angle measurement is a method of surface characterisation of solid materials. The basis of this measurement is to determine the surface energy of solids and thus obtain information on the behaviour of the surface: if it, for example, applies a thin layer on the surface of another material. The surface energy can be determined using contact angle hysteresis, which was used this work.

18

Simulation of single fibre wetting

Dembický J., Wiener J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2010

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Vol. 18, no. 5 (82)

51--54

EN

A stationary system composed of a fibre, liquid and air consists of a background for the shape determination of a typical liquid at the liquid-fibre inter-phase. Up to the present, it has not been possible to define this shape by a mathematical function. In this study a differential equation was found and solved analytically, describing the liquid curve at the mentioned interphase in the air-fiber-liquid system. This equation was solved and the result calculated by a numerical method, which were then compared with the experimental data obtained by a measurement technique developed by us.

PL

Opracowano statyczny system obejmujący pojedyncze włókno, powietrze i ciecz zwilżającą usytuowanych na odpowiednim tle. Na tej podstawie określono kształt przyjmowany przez powierzchnię cieczy w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie włókna. Jak dotychczas nie udało się opracować równań matematycznych określających kształt cieczy. Artykuł przedstawia opracowane przez autorów równanie różniczkowe opisujące linie graniczną pomiędzy cieczą a powietrzem w sąsiedztwie włókna. Równanie to rozwiązano numerycznie uzyskując wyniki, które następnie porównano z wynikami eksperymentalnych pomiarów przeprowadzonych różnymi metodami. Uzyskano dużą zgodność wyników obliczeń z pomiarami.

19

Impact of laser thermal stress on cotton fabric

Štěpánková M., Wiener J., Dembický J.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2010

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Vol. 18, no. 3 (80)

70--73

EN

The thermal processing of cotton fabrics poses a serious danger for these materials, especially such processes as singeing and burning patterns by laser. The impact of laser radiation on the colour change of dyed samples was evaluated.

PL

Termiczna obróbka tkanin bawełnianych może stwarzać istotne zagrożenia dla struktury materiału. Szczególnie niebezpieczne są takie procesy jak przypalanie i wypalanie ornamentów za pomocą urządzeń laserowych. Tego typu obróbka materiałów bawełnianych spotykana jest np. przy wykańczaniu tkanin dżinsowych. W przedstawionych badaniach stosowano laser typu IR. Badano wpływ natężenia promieniowania laserowego zarówno na zmiany koloru obrabianych tkanin jak również na wygląd tkanin surowych.

20

The influence of oxygen plasma on surface functionalities of cellulose fibres

Prusova M., Wiener J.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2009

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Vol. 12, no. 85

5--7

EN

Quality and quantity of groups in cellulose fiber is possible to change by chemical procedure (for example by using strong oxidizing agent). One of other possible methods to change the chemical groups in cellulose fibers is plasma treatment. In this study for plasma treatment a source of Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge (DCSBD) was used. Air plasma treatment of cotton at atmospheric pressure was made in a wide time scale. The chemical changes of cotton were observed and discussed.