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Research capabilities of the Competence Centre for Autonomous and Connected Vehicles in the area of testing autonomous vehicles in Poland

Pełka Małgorzata, Balke Iwona, Kruszewski Mikołaj, Rodak Aleksandra

Transport Samochodowy

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2024

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T. 69, nr 1

3--7

EN

This article was created based on the results of statutory work entitled: "Analysis of the research opportunities in the area of testing autonomous vehicles in Poland". The publication analyses the most key Euro NCAP test protocols, which include testing solutions to prevent collisions with vulnerable road users. Such systems include the autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system. The document contains a description of the requirements for both the test track and certified dummies imitating vulnerable road users: cyclists, adult pedestrians and children. All leading research centres working on the development of driving automation systems conduct research using ISO 26262, ISO 21448 standards, as well as Euro NCAP test protocols. In order to become familiar with the requirements in detail, these standards were purchased and then their provisions were analysed. The current requirements for newly manufactured and newly homologated vehicles in terms of being equipped with driver support systems were also characterized. Based on the study, the possibilities of expanding the research offer of the Competence Centre for Autonomous and Connected Vehicles of the Motor Transport Institute (CK:PAP ITS) were described.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł powstał na podstawie wyników pracy statutowej pt. „Analiza możliwości badawczych w obszarze testowania pojazdów autonomicznych w Polsce”. W ramach publikacji dokonano analizy najbardziej kluczowych protokołów testowych Euro NCAP uwzględniających testowanie rozwiązań zapobiegających zderzeniom z niechronionymi uczestnikami ruchu drogowego. Do takich systemów należy system autonomicznego hamowania awaryjnego (AEB). Dokument zawiera opis wymagań zarówno dla toru badawczego, jak i certyfikowanych manekinów imitujących niechronionych uczestników ruchu drogowego: rowerzystę, dorosłego pieszego oraz dziecko. Wszystkie wiodące ośrodki badawcze prowadzące prace nad rozwojem systemów automatyzujących jazdę prowadzą badania z wykorzystaniem norm ISO 26262, ISO 21448, a także protokołów testowych Euro NCAP. Aby szczegółowo zapoznać się z wymaganiami dokonano zakupu tych norm, a następnie przeanalizowano ich zapisy. Scharakteryzowano również aktualne wymagania dla nowo produkowanych i nowo homologowanych pojazdów w zakresie wyposażenia w systemy wspierające kierowcę. Na podstawie opracowania opisano możliwości rozbudowy oferty badawczej Centrum Kompetencji Pojazdów Autonomicznych i Połączonych Instytutu Transportu Samochodowego (CK:PAP ITS).

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Automated driving systems: comparison of training methods’ effectiveness

Rodak Aleksandra, Pełka Małgorzata, Kruszewski Mirosław

Transport Problems

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2024

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T. 19, z. 2

19--32

EN

The second decade of the 21st century saw the introduction of vehicles equipped with various driver assistance systems. However, the producers' plans go much further. In January 2023, Mercedes-Benz's DRIVE PILOT system was approved for use on public roads in Nevada (United States) as the first and so far only SAE Level 3 series-production solution. Despite increasing automation, the human factor remains important for the safety and efficiency of road transport. In the coming years, and possibly decades, this will mainly be due to the co-existence of vehicles with varying degrees of automation and necessary driver-vehicle interactions in cases where an automated driving system crosses the boundaries of the operational design domain. The latest research reveals the limitations of driving assistance systems, pointing not only to the need for changes in the technological domain but also to the need to pay more attention to the psychological aspects of using assistance systems in cognitive and behavioral areas. Therefore, an additional element of automation implementation should be considered, which is driver training focused on modern technological solutions. Properly arranged and conducted training can be treated as an additional factor facilitating the implementation of automated mobility. The article describes the methods of assessing the effectiveness of training in terms of familiarizing drivers with the functions that automate driving. The authors present the results of tests carried out on a driving simulator with an implemented Level 4 system (according to SAE classification). Three forms of knowledge transfer were analyzed: practical training, e-learning, and training with a short user manual. The results were compared in terms of driver-vehicle interaction effectiveness (e.g., system activation), ensuring that the driver is sufficiently reactive in dangerous situations and understands the limitations of the system. The research was conducted on a group of 81 drivers aged 18-65. Driver training was one of the main pillars of the Trustonomy project, which received funding from the EU research and innovation program Horizon 2020 under grant agreement No. 815003.

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Driver training challenges, barriers and needs arising from ADAS development

Rodak Aleksandra, Pełka Małgorzata

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 67, iss. 3

21--34

EN

Year to year, vehicles are becoming more advanced, and manufacturers offer newer support systems. Progressive technology development must be followed by relevant sociological changes, including establishing a proper user awareness level. Even though compulsory driver training, required before obtaining a license, consists of selected support features, e.g. ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), it does not provide novice drivers with the necessary practical skills and knowledge of all automation features available on the market. To reduce the human error factor, the European Parliament adopted new regulations, including minimum safety requirements for new vehicles. This paper identifies the gap between the current approach toward teaching automation and necessary changes that should be made to ensure road safety. It provides an overview of ADAS functions allowed to be used during driving license exam of category B in different European countries. Moreover, the publication contains results of work carried out under the Trustonomy project. Outcomes obtained from the questionnaires were used to develop new driver training curricula. The publication discusses the developments of a survey conducted among 83 Polish drivers and 91 car fleet managers. The paper reveals their attitude and expectations towards driver training. The results indicate that despite the awareness of ADAS's positive impact on safety (80% of drivers vote, 96% of car fleet managers votes), man people still didn't take part in any training and still do not know how to use systems properly. Even more worrying is the fact that more than 50% of drivers admitted they acquired knowledge about system operation based on their own mistakes. Many responders expressed their interest in acquiring new knowledge. This situation indicates an urgent need to introduce changes to the driver training system. Therefore, the publication highlights different regulatory boundaries across Europe and stresses the need to update existing curricula to introduce proper automation-related training.