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Mechanical properties of ABS samples manufactured under different process conditions

Czyżewski Piotr, Marciniak Dawid, Sykutera Dariusz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

art. no. e147065

EN

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of manufacturing conditions on the mechanical properties and structure of ABS parts. Two sets of samples with the same geometric characteristics were produced by fused deposition modelling (FDM) and injection molding (IM). The molding pressure and cooling rate were found to have a significant effect on shaping the mechanical properties and structure of ABS products. The manufacturing method and adopted process parameters have a significant impact on the degree of packing of macromolecules in the volume of the product and thus determine its density. Selected mechanical properties were determined and compared with their specific gravity. The research was carried out using tools and machines, i.e. injection molds of unique design and standard measuring stations. Tensile and bending strengths and Young’s modulus were related to the density of products obtained under different process conditions and having gradient and solid structures. The results provide useful information for engineers designing products using FDM technology. Relating tensile and flexural strength and Young’s modulus to the specific gravity of the product. It was found that the value of product properties is closely related to various process conditions, which further provides a true description of the products.

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Analysis of mechanical properties and structure of samples filled with continuous glass fiber produced in composite filament fabrication technology

Marciniak Dawid, Sykutera Dariusz, Czyżewski Piotr

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 2

art. no. e148841

EN

The purpose of the study was to evaluate selected mechanical properties and structural characteristics of samples manufactured using composite filament fabrication (CFF) technology from Onyx material, whichwas filled with continuous glass fiber. Selected mechanical properties were correlated with the density of the resulting composite to determine the specific strength of the fabricated parts. The test specimens were manufactured on a Mark Two Enterprise machine (Markforged, USA) using composite filament fabrication (CFF) technology. The material used was polyamide 6.6 with a 20% short carbon fiber content with the trade name Onyx. Continuous glass fiber was used to reinforce the fabrication. The density of the manufactured samples was determined using a hydrostatic method. Methanol was used as the liquid. By determining the density of the samples, it was possible to estimate through appropriate calculations what specific strength and specific modulus the obtained composites would have. Determination of tensile and flexural strengths was carried out in accordance with ISO 527-1:2012 and ISO 178:2003. Determination of the impact tensile strength of the samples was carried out in accordance with ISO 8256, the beams were tested using the A method. Due to the high impact tensile strength, two 1 mm notches with an angle of 45°were made on the specimens. The image of the sample structure obtained by the CFF method was recorded using a CT scanner. A thermogravimetric test (TG) of the Onyx matrix material was carried out. The samples were tested approximately 72 hours after fabrication. Filling the samples with continuous glass fiber above 50% leads to a slight increase in impact resistance. The density of the composite increased by only 16% relative to the reference samples, resulting in a 389% increase in the maximum average flexural strength. Despite significant discontinuities in the structure of the produced composite, it was possible to record an increase in tensile strength and Young’s modulus by 606% and 370%, respectively.

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Influence of FFF process parameters and macrostructure homogeneity on PLA impact strength

Bączkowski Michał, Marciniak Dawid, Bieliński Marek

Polimery

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2021

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T. 66, nr 9

480--483

EN

The article presents studies of the additive manufacturing printing parameters influence on the impact strength of PLA samples obtained by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. Two process variables were taken into account in the research program: the height of the printed layer and the printing temperature. An optical microscope was used to analyze the cross-section image (breakthrough) of the samples. The impact strength was determined at −40°C and 23°C. Selected geometric features of the macrostructure (uniformity and thickness of individual layers, voids) determined on the basis of the sample cross-section image analysis, enhanced the possibility of assessing the PLA impact strength, depending on the adopted process variables and the temperature at which the experiment was carried out.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono badania wpływu parametrów druku addytywnego na udarność próbek z PLA otrzymanych metodą FFF (fused filament fabrication). W programie badań uwzględniono dwie zmienne procesowe: wysokość drukowanej warstwy i temperaturę druku. Do analizy obrazu przełomu próbek wykorzystano mikroskop optyczny. Oznaczono udarność w temperaturze -40°C oraz 23°C. Wybrane cechy geometryczne makrostruktury (równomierność i grubość poszczególnych warstw, puste przestrzenie) wyznaczone na podstawie analizy obrazu przekroju próbek, pogłębiły możliwość oceny udarności PLA w zależności od przyjętych zmiennych procesowych, a także temperatury w jakiej zrealizowano eksperyment.

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Recycling of ABS operating elements obtained from industry 3D printing machines

Marciniak Dawid, Czyżewski Piotr, Sykutera Dariusz, Bieliński Marek

Polimery

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2019

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T. 64, nr 11-12

803--810

EN

The article presents new application of the material obtained from the recycling of acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene (ABS) – the material acquired from operating parts of industry Dimension Elite 3D printer by Stratasys. The operating parts were used to prepare the regranulate and to produce filament, the latter of which was applied used in the FFF technology (Fused Filament Fabrication). Manufactured in the FFF technology, test specimens were used to determine the selected mechanical properties and to compare the obtained results with the properties characteristic of molded pieces made of ABS regranulate that were produced by injection molding. The paper presents results of tests performed on a filament, obtained from the ABS regranulate and indicates characteristic processing properties of that material. It also discusses beneficial processing parameters for injection molding (IM) and 3D printing (FFF). The study also presents selected results of tests of functional properties of ABS products in the FFF technology. The research results have allowed to assess the possibility of recycling of the operating parts of 3D printers in FFF.

PL

Przedstawiono nowe zastosowanie materiału uzyskanego z recyklingu ABS (akrylonitryl-butadien-styren) pochodzącego z elementów eksploatacyjnych przemysłowych drukarek 3D Dimension Elite (Stratasys). Z elementów eksploatacyjnych przygotowano regranulat i wyprodukowano filament, który następnie zastosowano w technologii przyrostowego wytwarzania FFF (ang. Fused Filament Fabrication). Wytworzone w technologii FFF próbki posłużyły do oznaczenia wybranych właściwości mechanicznych oraz porównania ich z właściwościami charakteryzującymi wypraski z regranulatu ABS, uzyskane metodą wtryskiwania. Oceniano cechy filamentu otrzymanego z regranulatu ABS, wskazano także na charakterystyczne właściwości przetwórcze tego surowca. Określono korzystne pod względem wytrzymałości mechanicznej parametry procesów wytwarzania: wtryskiwania ciśnieniowego (IM) oraz drukowania 3D (FFF), wyznaczono też właściwości użytkowe wytworów z ABS, otrzymanych w technologii FFF. Wyniki badań pozwoliły na ocenę możliwości recyklingu zużytych elementów eksploatacyjnych przemysłowych drukarek 3D w technologii FFF.