Simultaneous analysis of histological and ultrasonic (US) images of human thyroid glands for thyroid cancer diagnostics is proposed in the paper. It allows to explain the characteristics of US pictures of the thyroid gland via the sizes of its follicles. To show the dependence of US image features on the state of follicles, statistical analysis of US-texture is performed. In addition, the size of follicles in histological images is calculated by analysis of a distance map for the nuclei of cells. It is shown that echogenicity of the thyroid gland in US images depends essentially on the size of its follicles. The organ regions that contain many follicles of a size smaller than the size of healthy follicles, or contain many destroyed follicles, have low echogenicity. The same effect is observed for regions with oversized follicles. This information can be used to avoid a surgical procedure, including histological analysis.
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