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1

Mapping of polar areas based on high-resolution satellite images : the example of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station

Kurczyński Z., Różycki S., Bylina P.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2017

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Vol. 104

65--78

EN

To produce orthophotomaps or digital elevation models, the most commonly used method is photogrammetric measurement. However, the use of aerial images is not easy in polar regions for logistical reasons. In these areas, remote sensing data acquired from satellite systems is much more useful. This paper presents the basic technical requirements of different products which can be obtain (in particular orthoimages and digital elevation model (DEM)) using Very-High-Resolution Satellite (VHRS) images. The study area was situated in the vicinity of the Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station on the Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Western Antarctic. Image processing was applied on two triplets of images acquired by the Pléiades 1A and 1B in March 2013. The results of the generation of orthoimages from the Pléiades systems without control points showed that the proposed method can achieve Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 3–9 m. The presented Pléiades images are useful for thematic remote sensing analysis and processing of measurements. Using satellite images to produce remote sensing products for polar regions is highly beneficial and reliable and compares well with more expensive airborne photographs or field surveys.

2

Participation of Employees and Students of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography in Polar Research

Pasik M., Adamek A., Rajner M., Kurczyński Z., Pachuta A., Woźniak M., Bylina P., Próchniewicz D.

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2016

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Vol. 100

235--252

EN

This year the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography, Warsaw University of Technology celebrates its 95th jubilee, which provides an opportunity to present the Faculty’s rich traditions in polar research. Employees and students of the faculty for almost 60 years have taken part in research expeditions to the polar circle. The article presents various studies typical of geodesy and cartography, as well as miscellany of possible measurement applications and geodetic techniques used to support interdisciplinary research. Wide range of geodetic techniques used in polar studies includes classic angular and linear surveys, photogrammetric techniques, gravimetric measurements, GNSS satellite techniques and satellite imaging. Those measurements were applied in glaciological, geological, geodynamic, botanical researches as well as in cartographic studies. Often they were used in activities aiming to ensure continuous functioning of Polish research stations on both hemispheres. This study is a short overview of thematic scope and selected research results conducted by our employees and students.

3

Ocena możliwości wytwarzania propantu ceramicznego metodą "granulowanie-spiekanie"

Dziubak C., Szamałek K., Bylina P.

Szkło i Ceramika

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2012

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R. 63, nr 5

2-6

PL

W Polsce i Europie toczy się ożywiona dyskusja związana z określeniem zasobów gazu ziemnego i ropy naftowej występujących w łupkach (potocznie gaz i ropa łupkowa). Udokumentowane zasoby gazu ziemnego będą podstawą do udzielania koncesji na jego wydobycie. Amerykańskie doświadczenia przy wydobyciu gazu z łupków w basenie Marcellus i Barnett wskazują na konieczność zastosowania zabiegów szczelinowania łupków przy pomocy płynów (wody z udziałem dodatków chemicznych) oraz materiału podsadzkowego zwanego propantem. Propant wtłaczany wraz z cieczą do złoża niszczy strukturę i zwięzłość skały, otwiera mikropory i powoduje krótkotrwałe otwarcie mikroszczelin umożliwiających migrację gazu. Propanty zapobiegają zamknięciu tych mikroszczelin. W związku z ciśnieniem panującym w górotworze na głębokości kilku kilometrów (ciśnienie, temperatura), propanty muszą się charakteryzować bardzo wysokimi właściwościami fizycznymi i mechanicznymi. Instytut Ceramiki i Materiałów Budowlanych podejmuje w ramach posiadanych środków statutowych kilkuletni program opracowania polskich propantów. Obecnie realizowane są prace wstępne koncepcyjno-studialne, a przede wszystkim analizowane są różne zestawy surowcowe, dodatki, technologie wytwarzania. Spośród wielu możliwości wytwarzania tego materiału do badań wybrano sposób nazwany umownie "granulowanie-spiekanie" tworzywa ceramicznego na bazie korundu, dla zapewnienia odpowiedniej wytrzymałości mechanicznej propantu. Przedstawione wyniki badań są pierwszym zwiastunem następnych opracowań, mają charakter rozpoznawczy i posłużą do oceny prawidłowości obranego kierunku prac badawczych i jego ewentualnych korekt.

EN

Proppant is a filling material that holds fractures open after a hydraulic fracturing treatment during well stimulation. It is produced as fine spherical particles, 0.3-0.7 mm in diameter, which are usually made of natural sand, resin-coated quartz sand, man-made ceramics or glass spheres. During well treatment the fracking fluid is pumped together with proppant into the well. The action of pressurized fluid destroys the structure of the rock and creates new microfractures that increase migration of gas or oil. During treatment the proppant migrates into new fractures and keeps they open after pressure decrease. Due to increased temperature and pressure in the deep well, the proppant should be made of high strength material that will be inert in relation to the fracking fluid as well as the rock. Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials started the investigation program for elaboration new proppant technologies. The initial stage of studies is focused on raw materials and technology selection. Currently, the most promising direction of the research is based on the granulation-sintering technology of corundum-based ceramic material, which should assure the suitable strength of proppant spheres.

4

Oliwiny ze skał ultramaficznych masywu Jordanów-Gogołów (ofiolit sudecki)-zapis zróżnicowanych procesów geologicznych

Dubińska E., Nejbert K., Bylina P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 6

506-515

EN

Olivines occurring in the Jordanów-Gogołów Serpentinite Massif (JGSM) in the Polish Sudetes were formed during complex series of geological events and processes: growth in the upper mantle; crystallization of ultramafic cumulates at a mid-ocean ridge; ultra-high pressure (UHP) and high pressure metamorphism in a subduction zone; and contact metamorphism related to intrusion of boninitic and/or granitic magmas into the JGSM. The presence of olivine with pseudocleavage and intergrowths of ferrichromite and of pseudospinifex olivine indicates very fast transport from UHP conditions (from depths ca. 410 km) to the surface, similar to the model proposed by Brueckner & van Roermund (2004). The range of metamorphic conditions (from UHP to zeolite facies) recorded by JGSM olivines and also by associated serpentinites indicates that the JGSM is a fragment of an accretionary prism.

5

Rekonstrukcja składu i technologii wytwarzania materiałów budowlanych dla potrzeb konserwacji zabytków

Szamałek K., Bylina P.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2010

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T. 62, nr 4

618-621

PL

Autorzy prowadzą badania nad odtworzeniem oryginalnej technologii wytwarzania XIX-wiecznego materiału budowlanego zwanego Chausseestaub. Określona zostanie możliwość rozpoczęcia produkcji doświadczalnej tego materiału, który wykorzystywany był szeroko w XIX i XX wieku, zwłaszcza w architekturze dekoracyjnej małych rezydencji. Autorzy prezentują wstępne wyniki badań składu fazowego zachowanych fragmentów architektonicznych i rzeźbiarskich z Muzeum Pałacu w Wilanowie.

EN

The authors make investigations on reconstruction of the original manufacturing technology of the 19th century building material called Chausseestaub. The possibility of beginning the laboratory production of the material which was widely used in the 19th and 20th centuries especially in decorative architecture of small residences is determined. The authors show the preliminary results of a phase composition investigation made for survived architectural and sculpture fragments originated from the Wilanów Palace Museum.

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Magnetic mineralogy and paleomagnetism of serpentinized ultramafic rocks from the Braszowice–Brzeźnica fragment of Sudetic paleozoic ophiolite

Kądziałko-Hofmokl M., Jeleńska M., Delura K., Bylina P.

Acta Geophysica

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2010

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Vol. 58, no. 2

269-299

EN

Complex paleomagnetic, rock-magnetic and mineralogical studies were performed on serpentinized utramafic rocks from Braszowice– Brzeźnica massif (BB) situated at the southern extremity of the Niemcza Shear Zone, close to the Sudetic Marginal Fault. Studies of magnetic minerals revealed presence of several varieties of magnetite grains, and partly altered Cr-spinels. Paleomagnetic studies revealed stable component HS of natural remanence carried by magnetite formed probably during the initial serpentinization. The directions of HS have good grouping within each locality, but differ between localities. Studies of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) have shown that directions of anisotropy axes are steep instead of horizontal as is common within the Niemcza Shear Zone. Taking advantage of the directions of AMS we rotated the directions of HS and brought them to the reference direction for the Sudetes for 372 Ma. We suggest that after acquiring AMS and HS during the Upper Devonian, the BB became divided into multiple units due to tectonic activity in the region.

7

K-Ar evidence for a Mesozoic thermal event overprinting burial diagenesis of the Carboniferous Upper Silesia Coal Basin

Banaś M., Bylina P., Środoń J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

39-39

EN

K-Ar dating of mixed-layer illite-smectite from clay fractions extracted from pyroclastic horizons was used to address the controversy about the age and mechanism of the thermal alteration of Carboniferous rocks from the Upper Silesia Coal Basin (USCB). The clay fractions were investigated by x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) in order to select for dating the samples rich in illite-smectite and to evaluate the K-Ar dates for possible contamination by K-bearing pre-diagenetic minerals of pyroclastic or epiclastic origin. The K-Ar dates document intense Variscan tectonic burial illitization produced by thrusting (ca. 290 Ma) in the SW of the basin, and the lack of intense burial illitization in the NE, which is consistent with sedimentological models of the basin. The burial illitization in its final phase (<30% S in illite-smectite) involved incorporation of measurable amounts of ammonium cation in the illite structure (substitution for potassium). Advanced illitization in the NE of the basin is much younger than its tectonic inversion (uplift and erosion started in Permian), and the corresponding K-Ar dates have to be interpreted as the result of a Mesozoic thermal event, which produced widespread pervasive illitization at shallow depth. This event was dated at 175 Ma, but it may have started earlier and could have lasted longer. This conclusion is consistent with widespread evidence of a major Mesozoic thermal event all over Central Europe, produced by rifting and lithospheric thinning during the opening of the Tethys and Atlantic oceans. This study demonstrates that smectite illitization histories may be very complex, and that the nature of the illitization mechanism results in mixed K-Ar dates encompassing pro-longed or multiple illitization histories. Dating of several grain-size fractions may help unravel such histories. When a calibration using data from Neogene sedimentary basins is applied, vitrinite reflectance and % S in I-S indicate similar paleotemperatures of tectonic burial diagenesis in the USCB, but they produce very different estimates of the temperature of the thermal event.

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Layer silicates from Szklary (Lower Silesia): from ocean floor metamorhism to continental chemical weathering

Dublińska E., Sakharov B.A., Kaproń G., Bylina P., Kozubowski J.A.

Geologia Sudetica

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2000

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Vol. 33, nr 2

85-105

EN

The weathering crust at Szklary is known as a classical location of a nickeliferous laterite deposit derived from the chemical weathering of ultrabasic rocks. The layer silicates from the Szklary massif have been studied since the eighteenth century; moreover, this locality is considered to be an exceptional location of different minerals including nickel containing corrensite, interstratified kerolite-stevensite, interstratified serpentine-smectite, kerolite-pimelite, and clintonite. Ni-corrensite and irregularly mixed-layer serpentine-smectites with a variable layer ratio were found in Szklary for the first time. The origin of the layer silicates from Szklary is complex: (1) serpentine, chlorite, and clintonite are products of hydrothermal metamorphism related to the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks and posterior metamorphism and (2) the mixed-layer minerals, sepiolite, and kerolite-pimelite formed due to the hydrothermal and supergeneous alteration of ultrabasic rocks and various metamorphic schists.