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Modernizm polski : seminarium w stulecie urodzin pokolenia modernistów polskich

Kosiewicz L.

Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki

2000

T. 45, z. 2

84-95

The year 1900 marks the birth of the following professors in the Departament of Architecture at the Warsaw Polytechnic: Bohdan Lachert (d. 8 January 1987), Wienczesaw Poniž (d. 20 November 1967), Helena Syrkusowa (d. 19 November 1982), and Jan Zachwatowicz (d. 1983); Barbara Brukalska was born a year later earlier (d. 6 March 1980). In order to demonstrate more fully the role played by the accomplishments of the listed persons in shaping the Warsaw School of Architecture and the architecture of Polish modernism, it is simply impossible to neglect mentioning Prof. Stanisaw Brukalski (1894- 24 January 1967), the husband of Barbara Brukalska, and Prof. Szymon Syrkus (1893-1964), the husband of Helena Syrkusowa, in view of the fact that these married couples worked jointly. All the names form a permanent part of the history of Polish culture. The works of the Polish modernists belong to the legacy of twentieth-century European culture, although they are rarely or little mentioned in its assorted histories. This is yet another example of destruction in the domain of culture, incurred by the second world war and the almost fifty year-long postwar political division of the world, together with the accompanying hampered flow of information and ideas. In 1918, the "generation of 1900" experienced the regaining of independence by Poland. Some of its members fought during the first world war, and paid the highest possible price for the revival of polish statehood. Already un 1920 they were compelled to defend the once again endangered Polish independence, and thus completed their training, interrupted by yet another war, at the beginning of the 1920s. With truly youthful fervour, they created the foundations of independence, wishing to erect a modern Poland. In not quite two decades, representatives of this generation could boast of numerous achievements: they built Gdynia, housing estates in Warsaw, merous achievements: they built Gdynia, housing estat sanatoriums and the Central Institute of Physical Education, granting the country a modern appearance. The war of 1939-1945 once again destroyed the reborn state. The "generation of 1900", which by then formed the core of the fully mature part of Polish society, bore the largest burden of struggle, sacrifice and extermination, but also of retaining faith and kope and of seeking paths towards independence and the reconstruction of the country for the sake of future generations. Although the end of the second world war did not bring Poland anticipated full sovereignty, it set free, despite all obstacles, an extraordinary will and enthusiasm for reconstruction. The latter was, to a great measure, the work of "1900 generation" and a continuation of the thoughts and frequently unfulfilled ideals of younger days. From the present-day perspective, we become aware, probably more distinctly than in the past, that we are the heirs of the "generation of 1900". The accomplishments of its representatives include both theoretical and practical undertakings as well as teaching a generation of successors. It was the merits of this "generation of Heroes" which to a considerable degree proved decisive for the shape of contemporaneity. We are greatly indebted to them, albeit modernism, the main intellectual current of their times, has been so often the target of assorted criticism. Time obliterates memory about the true nature of the original achievements and values, and that which is merely ascribed. Among the multiple attainments of modernism particular mention is due to the Sisyphean task of rendering architecture a domain of social responsibility, with which the postmodern "teachings from Las Vegas" have nothing or little in common. In order to commemorate the above mentioned aniversaries, the Committee of Architecture and Town Planning at the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Department of Architecture at Warsaw Polytechnic organised a scientific seminar on Polish modernism. The event was attended by members of the families of the professors whose hundredth birthdays are celebrated in 2000, representatives of numerous academic milieus, including all the architectural academies in Poland, researchers, former students, foreign guests (from U.S.A., Sweden, Ukraine), and present-day students. The intention of the seminar was to enhance our knowledge about the history of twentieth-century Polish architecture, heretofore unexamined in a wider synthetic interpretation, by means of an exchange of information about the lives and achievements of the generation of Polish modernists. In a further part of the article the author writes about the course of the seminar and discusses modernism in Poland, its prime representatives, and their works.