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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2022

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Reaction of Aquatic Plants of Small Rivers of the Turkestan Region of Kazakhstan to Heavy Metal Ions

Issayeva Akmaral, Myrzabayeva Zhanar, Kidirbayeva K., Ibragimov Talgat, Baitasheva G., Tleukeyeva Assel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 6

43--49

Heavy metals are some of the environmental pollutants that have a serious impact on the environment. The analysis of hydromacrophytes growing in small rivers of the south of Kazakhstan with different contents of heavy metal salts revealed that the morphometric indicators of the same plant species differ significantly, depending on the level of total mineralization of the aquatic environment in different rivers of the Turkestan region. It has been established that two plant species can be used to bioindicate the content of lead ions in the aquatic environment: Azolla caroliniana Willd. and Veronica beccabunga L., which must be introduced into the tested aqueous solutions in the amount of 1.0 kg/m3 and 1.5–2.0 kg/m3, respectively, to fully cover the water column at different depths. The first morphological changes in plants, in the form of destruction of the structure of chloroplasts along the edges of unfolded leaves in A. caroliniana Willd. and slight withering of the lower underwater leaves in V. beccabunga L., occur already at a 1.5 mg/l Pb2+ content in water, and a further increase in the content of lead ions in water to 600.0–800.0 mg/l leads to the death of plants.

Influence of Lead-Zinc Slags of the Shymkent City on the Environment

Salim Yerbol, Issayeva Akmaral, Kidirbayeva K., Zhumadulayeva A., Dossybayeva G., Bozhbanbaeva N., Ashirbayeva S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 7

83--89

Due to the rapid pace of urbanization, the lead-zinc slags previously located outside the settlement turned out to be within the city of Shymkent and began to pose a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of lead-zinc slags on the environment of Shymkent. It has been revealed that the fields of ruderal plant species are inversely correlated with the lead content in the soil, for phyto-indication of the state of soils, the most informative indicators are the phytocenotic composition and the projective covering of soils with vegetation. At the same time, the proportion of annual species in the control is 53.5 ± 5.6%; with an increase in the toxic load, their role gradually weakens, reaching from 14496.0 ± 105.1 mg/kg Pb2+ to 5.2 ± 0.4%. It was found that Dodartia orientalis, Centaurea squarrosa Willd., Plantago lancetofolium are hyperaccumulators of lead ions, while electron microscopic images showed that lead ions accumulate in the intercellular space of plants, forming significant conglomerates of 10–75 nm. The negative influence of lead-zinc waste has been established, which leads to the accumulation of lead in the blood of children and, as a consequence, is the cause of various diseases. The maximum lead content in the amount of 103 micrograms / dl was found in the blood of children in the area of the city, located 800–1000 m from the slag storage site. Developing hypochromic anemia in children indicates its toxic origin. It was revealed that 90% of children have such pathologies as biliary dyskinesia, dental caries, small anomalies of heart development.