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Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques

Mild K. H., Alanko T., Decat G., Falsaperla R., Gryz K., Hietanen M., Karpowicz J., Rossi P., Sandstrom M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2009

Vol. 15, No. 1

3--33

European Directive 2004/40/EC on occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), based on the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, was to be implemented in the Member States of the European Union by 2008. Because of some unexpected problems the deadline was postponed until 2012. This paper reviews some of the problems identified and presents some suggestions for possible solutions based on the authors’ experience in assessing occupational exposure to EMF. Among the topics discussed are movement in static magnetic fields, ways to time average extreme low frequency signals, the difference between emission and exposure standards, and ways of dealing with those issues.

EU Directive, ICNIRP Guidelines and Polish Legislation on Electromagnetic Fields

Karpowicz J., Hietanen M., Gryz K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2006

Vol. 12, No. 2

125--136

This review describes the general provisions of and the philosophy behind European Directive 2004/40/EC and ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines. As an example of national legislation on the protection of workers against excessive electromagnetic field exposure, regulations established in Poland are summarized. The problems of a practical implementation of the Directive’s provisions are discussed.