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New Road Pavement Technologies – Examples of Applications in Poland

Kozłowski W., Kucharski L.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

67--72

EN

The paper presents the applications of new road pavement technologies in Poland. The dynamic growth of car traffic in Poland has been observed. The average daily traffic on international roads has doubled over the last decade. It is estimated that it went from 6 to 12 thousand of vehicles per day. There are also road sections where the traffic flow significantly exceeds the level of 20 thousand vehicles daily. General traffic measurements which are systematically carried out by the road administration confirm this phenomenon. With this increase in traffic, the roads in Poland have been devastated. A fairly common phenomenon is rutting which is the result of driving overloaded trucks, especially in summer. The choice of the type of road pavement poses the problem for both investors and administrators. Without a doubt, factors to be taken into consideration include: 1. Technical conditions 2. Economic aspects 3. Availability of technologies and materials. Regardless of technical and economic conditions, one cannot eliminate any road paving technology, but seriously consider the alternatives: bitumen (asphalt) or concrete pavement.

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Innovative Solutions for Partial Overhaul of Bituminous Roads Using SPRIDER

Kozłowski W., Kucharski L.

Logistics and Transport

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2015

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Vol. 28, No. 4

59--66

EN

The vast majority of roads in Poland have asphalt pavement. Often these were surfaces designed and made in 80s. Today, many of these roads are in operation under much greater traffic and exceeded load design values. This results in degradation and destruction of the road surface. Due to the large backlog of road repairs and many years of negligence regarding road infrastructure resulting from financial constraints of road managers, an urgent need arose to repair several kilometers of asphalt roads, colloquially speaking, at the drop of a hat. Resurfacing and overhauls were first performed on national roads and, to a limited extent, on the roads of lower functional classes. Technologies currently used leave much to be desired in terms of quality and economy. One way to reduce the cost of labor and contracting, while increasing the quality of the work, is to search for solutions using new technologies. Those using SPRIDER are certainly innovative. This paper presents this technology compared to those commonly used and the very system for evaluating the condition of roads and classifying them for repairs.

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Roślinność łąkowa środkowej Polski na przełomie XX i XXI wieku - jej stan, kierunki zmian i ochrona

Kucharski L.

Ekologia i Technika

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2012

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R. 20, nr 1

19-25

PL

Łąki i pastwiska na obszarze województwa łódzkiego zajmują 204 161 ha, co stanowi 15,70% powierzchni użytków rolnych regionu. Na użytkach zielonych tej części kraju stwierdzono fitocenozy 26 zespołów łąkowych z klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, 11 zespołów reprezentujących roślinność szuwarowa i torfowiskową (Phragmitetea i Scheuchzeria-Caricetea nigrae) oraz 6 syntaksonów z użytkowanych rolniczo zbiorowisk klas: Koelerio-Corynephoretea, Festuco-Brometea, Nardo-Callunetea i Asteretea tripolii. W roślinności łąkowej dominują fitocenozy zespołów: Deschampsietum caespitosae (zbiorowisko Deschampsia caespitosa), Alopecuretam pratensis i Holcetum lanati oraz zbiorowiska łąk uprawnych. Wśród notowanych zbiorowisk 19 (45%) uważane jest za wymarłe lub zagrożone. Główne powody zmian w roślinności to: zaprzestanie użytkowania, zmiana formy użytkowania, osuszanie lub zabagnienie gleb. Ochrona roślinności łąkowej w środkowej Polsce realizowana jest w: 3 nieleśnych rezerwatach przyrody, 6. obszarach Natura 2000 oraz w kilkudziesięciu innych obiektach, w których roślinność łąkowa nie jest głównym przedmiotem ochrony. Rezerwaty przyrody nie spełniają swoich zadań ochronnych. Obszary Natura 2000 to najlepsza forma dla ochrony łąk.

EN

Meadows and pastures in the Central Poland occupy 204 161 ha, which represent 15.70% of cultivated land area. On grasslands of Łodź Region 26 communities of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, 11 communities representing the rush and bog vegetation (Phragmitetea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae) and 6 syntaxa with agricultural use class communities: Koelerio-Corynephoretea, Festuco-Brometea, Nardo-Callunetea and Asteretea tripolii were recorded The meadow vegetation is dominated by phytocoenoses: Deschcanpsietum caespitosae (Deschampsia caespitosa cornmunity), Holcetum lanati, Alopecuretum pratensis and communities of cultivated meadows. Among the identified communities 19 (45%) of them are considered extinct or endangered. The main reasons of changes in vegetation are: lack of use, change in the form of use, drainage or swamping soil. Protection of meadow vegetation in Central Poland is implemented in: three nature reserves, 6 Special Areas Conservation (Natura 2000), and few other objects of nature protection where grassland is not the main subject of protection.