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Późnoglacjalne i holoceńskie osady wybranych torfowisk dolinnych regionu łódzkiego w nawiązaniu do zmian paleośrodowiskowych

Forysiak J., Kloss M., Obremska M., Żurek S.

Folia Quaternaria

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2014

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nr 82

5--30

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki badań geomorfologicznych, geologicznych oraz paleobotanicznych, przeprowadzonych na czterech torfowiskach dolinnych regionu łódzkiego (Bęczkowice, Kopanicha, Mianów i Wilczków). Są to obiekty funkcjonujące w warunkach niewielkiego wpływu rzek na przebieg procesów torfotwórczych. Misy opisywanych torfowisk powstały w różnym czasie, od przełomu plenivistulianu i późnego vistulianu po początek holocenu. Trwałe zatorfienie również następowało w różnym czasie. Wszystkie z analizowanych torfowisk można określić jako torfowiska paludyfikacyjne. Udokumentowane osady biogeniczne pozwalają na rekonstrukcję zmian środowiska w wybranych torfowiskach w późnym vistulianie i holocenie.

EN

The article presents the results of geomorphological, geological and palaeobotanical studies conducted in four valley peatlands in the Łódź region. The study area is dominated by valley peatlands. The most numerous group are basins developed under condition of fluvial processes. The peatlands occur within active river valleys, as well as on terraces and in inactive river valleys. The Wilczków peatland is located in the inactive river valley. The peatland may be classified as a valley fen. It was mainly fed by soligenic waters. Formation of the peat horizon in the river valley occurred in the Younger Dryas. The sedge peatland functioned until the end of the Atlantic, when the process was interrupted. Peat-forming vegetation returned to the studied part of the peatland again in the Subatlantic Period. The Mianów peatland is located on the terrace of Ner river valley, and is classified as a valley fen. This wetland was fed by soligenic, and partially by fluviogenic waters. Peat development in the oxbow lake occurred at the end of the Late Weichselian. The fen functioned in the Preboreal. After a relatively long break, growth of peat mass occurred again in the Subboreal and Subatlantic. The Kopanicha peatland is located in Rawka river valley. The object can be classified as a valley fen. The peatland was fed by soligenic waters. Peat development in the oxbow lakes occurred at the beginning of the Atlantic period, and peat growth lasted until the modern times, but with interruptions in the Atlantic and Subatlantic. The Bęczkowice peatland is located in Luciąża river valley, is the biggest one. This peatland is defined as a valley fen, with patches of a transitional. The object was fed by soligenic, and partially by fluviogenic and precipitation waters. Overdeepenings within the valley bed became limnic accumulation reservoirs already at the beginning of the Late Weichselian. Then they were subjected to peat formation together with the entire area of the valley floor. Peat sedentation was interrupted at the beginning of the Atlantic. The peatland developed again in the Subatlantic. Biogenic accumulation in the studied basins, located in the river valleys, does not enable continuous sediment growth as they are dependent on changing dynamics of fluvial processes, which means that the registered growth of biogenic sediments is not synchronous in these valley peatlands. Objects which are fed by groundwater and located in inactive valleys, can also show changeable intensity of biogenic sediments growth.

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Charakterystyka środowisk depozycyjnych Jeziora Czechowskiego i jego otoczenia

Kordowski J., Błaszkiewicz M., Kramkowski M., Słowiński M., Tyszkowski S., Brauer A., Brykała D., Gierszewski P., Lamparski P., Lutyńska M., Mirosław-Grabowska J., Noryśkiewicz A.M., Obremska M., Ott F., Wulff S., Zawiska I.

Landform Analysis

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2013

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Vol. 25

55--75

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd badań nad morfogenezą misy jeziornej Jeziora Czechowskiego na Pojezierzu Starogardzkim. W dostępnych odsłonięciach, wkopach i wierceniach o nienaruszonej strukturze przeprowadzono analizę sedymentologiczną osadów glacjofluwialnych, glacjolimnicznych, limnicznych i stokowych. Wyniki tej analizy uzupełniono rezultatami kartowania geologicznego i geomorfologicznego. W efekcie przeprowadzonych prac stwierdzono, że misa jeziora założona jest w głębokiej rynnie subglacjalnej, która do początku allerødu zakonserwowana była bryłami martwego lodu. Ich wytopienie doprowadziło do powstania zróżnicowanej morfologii dna rynny. W najgłębszych miejscach, dzięki ograniczonej miksji, były warunki do zachowania rocznej laminacji osadów dennych. Sedymentacja osadów glacjofluwialnych w otoczeniu rynny była bardzo zróżnicowana i w wielu miejscach wskazuje na warunki przepływu nadkrytycznego. W przypowierzchniowej warstwie osadów sandrowych stwierdzono ślady zapisu procesów mrozowych (gleby mrozowe) oraz wytrącenia węglanowe wskazujące na występowanie warunków peryglacjalnych po zaprzestaniu przepływu proglacjalnego. Osady limniczne są również zróżnicowane w zależności od cech morfometrycznych basenu sedymentacyjnego, a przede wszystkim od głębokości ich depozycji. Osady stokowe pochodzą w większości z ostatnich dwustu lat, a ich depozycja nastąpiła wskutek działalności gospodarczej człowieka.

EN

The paper aims to review the investigations on the genesis of the Czechowskie Lake basin (Starogard Lakeland, north-central Poland). The sedimentological analysis of the glaciofluvial, glaciolimnic, limnic and colluvial deposits have been conducted in the outcrops, pits and boreholes with undisturbed cores. They were supplemented by the results of the geological and geomorphological mapping. Summing up the investigations it can be stated that the lake basin developed within a deep subglacial channel which was preserved by the dead ice blocks till the onset of the Allerød. Their melting led to the emergence of a morphologically diversified lake basin. The conditions in its deepest parts, due to hampered mixing and wave action, favoured the preservation of the annually laminated sediments. The glaciofluvial deposition in the vicinity of the lake was diverse and in many places it indicates the supercritical condition of the water flow. Within the near-surface layer of outwash deposits were recognized the traces of the periglacial processes and calcareous precipitates which indicate short glaciolimnic periods or breaks in sedimentation. The limnic sediments are also diversified and dependent on the morphometric features of the sedimentary basin, mostly the depth of the deposition. Colluvial deposits have originated mostly in the last 200 years as a consequence of the transient deforestation of the surrounding area.

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Evolution of small valley mire in central Poland as a result of hydroclimatic oscillations

Pawłowski D., Kloss M., Obremska M., Szymanowski M., Żurek S.

Geochronometria

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2012

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Vol. 39, no. 2

133-148

EN

This paper demonstrates the results of analyses of Cladocera, pollen, plant macrofossil, lithological and radiocarbon data recovered from a mire located in the Rawka River valley in central Poland. These studies permit to recognise the development of hydrology phases in Kopanicha mire and give insight into Holocene fluvial dynamics of the system; radiocarbon dating partly allowed da-ting of the patterns of Holocene valley floor development of the Rawka River. The Kopanicha mire was formed during the Atlantic period. At that time, an oxbow lake formed, becoming a mire during the Subboreal and possibly Subatlantic periods. The high sensitivity of the oxbow lakes, fens, fauna, and flora remains to climate variations – especially to changes in water level connected with the ag-gradation-erosion cycle of rivers – allows the reconstruction of the palaeoecological changes that oc-curred in the mire. The frequency and timing of hydroclimatic oscillations at Kopanicha show strong similarities to records from other sites in Poland. Changes in Cladocera frequency and plant assem-blages were mostly influenced by the Rawka River which controlled the hydrological regime of the mire. The main factors controlling the presence of Cladocera taxa were the water level and the pres-ence of favourable conditions in the mire (e.g. pH, vegetation). Most of the changes occurred in re-sponse to climate changes, but some of them were connected with local factors.

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Przykłady oddziaływań społeczności pradziejowych na środowisko naturalne w rejonie Bechcic i Wierzbowej (Polska Środkowa)

Kittel P., Forysiak J., Błaszczyk J., Cywa K., Wacnik A., Tomczyńska Z., Muzolf B., Obremska M.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 9

289--292

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Historia rozwoju dwóch torfowisk mszarnych w Borach Tucholskich

Lamentowicz M., Obremska M., Mitchell Edward A.D.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

76-80

EN

Our research confirmed the value of kettle-hole mires for reconstructing Holocene environmental changes. The multi-proxy approach in which three palaeoecological methods were used (analyses of testate amoebae, plant macrofossils and pollen) improved the interpretation potential. We studied two Sphagnum mires situated in Tuchola Pinewoods (N Poland). In Tuchola mire 9000 years of environmental changes (groundwater level and pH) were recorded. Water table changes inferred from Tuchola mire show patterns similar to regional hydrological changes recorded in Polish lakes and mires as well as in other European sites. Jelenia Wyspa mire recorded changes in local vegetation and palaeohydrology during the last 1500 years. A rise in the groundwater table, caused by deforestation in the catchment area, allowed Sphagnum to expand. Consequently, the peatland evolved into an oligotrophic mire dominated by peat mosses. Approx. 200 years ago water pH increased and subsequently decreased, the lowest value being associated with the deforestation maximum. Furthermore, the planting of pine probably also caused an acidification of Jelenia Wyspa mire.