The Bayan Har Basin is an important part of the Tethys tectonic in the Tibet Plateau. There are various conjectures regarding the basement and tectonic attributes of the Bayan Har Basin. Based on the aeromagnetic anomaly characteristics in the Bayan Har Basin, the structural units and fault system are derived, and the basement composition and structural attributes are discussed in this paper. We draw the following conclusions: (1) The Bayan Har Basin and its adjacent regions can be divided into five magnetic structural units, consisting of the southern Tarim Block, the Qiangtang Block, the western Yangtze Block, the Qinling–Qiliang–Kunlun Orogenic Belt and the Bayan Har Basin. (2) The Muztagh–Kunlun–A’nyêmaqên suture zone and the Xijir Ulan–Yushu–Jinsha River suture zone are the basic frameworks of the north–south division of the basin. (3) The basement in the eastern Bayan Har Basin is composed of Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, and the basement in the western and central basin is composed of Meso–Neoproterozoic metamorphic rocks. (4) The Triassic tectonic attribute of the Bayan Har Basin may be foreland basin.
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