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The Study of Drought Stress in Sugar Beet and the Ways of its Minimization

Prysiazhniuk Oleh, Kononiuk Nadiia, Zatserkovna Natalia, Chynchyk Oleksandr, Hryhoriev Vasyl, Zhemoyda Vitalii, Ovcharuk Oleh, Zinchenko Olesia, Morhun Olesia, Svystunova Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 1

256--263

The article presents peculiarities of drought stress identification in sugar beet and the alternatives for the use of additional components of cultivation technology aimed at increasing tolerance to water deficiency at the early stages of growth and development, namely: (i) soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers; (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator contributing to a better formation of the root system; and (iii) foliar application of micro fertilizers. The study of the state of the plant photosynthetic apparatus was carried out with the use of the devices for measuring chlorophyll fluorescence FLORATEST, developed at the Institute of Cybernetics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The measurements were performed according to the guidelines on Determination of the Fluorescence Induction of plant Chlorophyll: Theoretical and Practical Bases of the Method. For better representativeness of the sampling, the measurements were performed at the same time of day and with the same intensity of illumination of the plants. As a result of the studies, the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of the plant photosystem obtained with the use of a portable fluorometer was found to be the most effective method of rapid diagnostics of drought stress in plants. A high level of correlation was found between the concentration of free proline and the Fv/Fm ratio, with the correlation coefficient for sugar beet r = -0.96, which corresponds to a very strong relationship.

Seed Yield and the Possibility of Biofuel Production from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Ukraine

Pravdyva Liudmyla, Prysiazhniuk Oleh, Khakhula Valerii, Fedoruk Yurii, Shushkivska Nataliia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 5

94--99

The influence of the elements of cultivation technology on the productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as a feedstock for further processing is gaining relevance. The study was conducted in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine at the Bila Tserkva Experimental Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets in the years 2016–2019. The studied factors were seed and sowings treatment with a growth regulator containing a complex of water-soluble fulvic acids, enzymes, vitamins, and phytohormones. The highest yield of grain (7.1 t/ha), biomass (35.9 t/ha), bioethanol (2.37 t/ha), solid biofuel (11.14 t/ha), and estimated energy output (240.65 GJ/ha) from biomass were obtained in the treatment where both seeds and sowings were treated with a growth regulator. A close relationship between yield and energy performance is found.

Lentil Yield Performance and Quality as Affected by Moisture Supply

Prysiazhniuk Oleh, Mostoviak Ivan, Yevchuk Yana, Tkachenko Hennadii, Prokopenko Eduard, Kononenko Lidiia, Prykhodko Vitalii, Vyshnevska Lesia, Poltoretska Nataliia

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 5

25--33

The article presents alternatives for the use of additional components of cultivation technology for lentil that are aimed at increasing tolerance to a water deficiency at the early stages of growth and development, namely: (i) soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers; (ii) seed treatment with a growth regulator contributing to a better formation of the root system; (iii) the use of biological product providing for the formation of the soil mycorrhizal biota; and (iv) foliar application of micro fertilizers. The best in terms of the effect on the growth and development of plants appeared the following treatments: seed treatment with the growth regulator Kelpak SC (3 l/t), soil amendment with moisture-retaining polymers Aquasorb (200 kg/ha) and mycorrhizal bio preparation Mycofriend (1 l/ha), followed by the treatment of plants with micro fertilizer Reakom-SP-Legumes (3 l/ha, BBCH 14) or Quantum-Legumes (1.0 l/ha, BBCH 14). These treatments contributed to an increase in the number of stems of the 2nd and 3rd orders by 1.8 and 2.0, leaves by 8.6 and 8.8, and nods by 15.3 and 16.1, respectively, compared to the control treatment. In addition, a combination of these plant products had a positive impact on the formation of filled beans, and the plants formed 23.5−23.7 filled beans. Also, these treatments provided 1.6−1.8 times increase in the number of seeds per bean compared to the control. Pre-sowing seed treatment with the growth regulator Kelpak SC (3 l/t), application of moisture-retaining polymers Aquasorb (200 kg/ha) and mycorrhizal bio preparation Mycofriend (1 l/ha), followed by foliar application of fertilizers Reakom SC Legumes (3 l/ha, BBCH 14) or Quantum-Legumes (1.0 l/ha, BBCH 14) contributed to the formation of lentil yield of 3.15 and 3.17 t/ha, respectively, over the years of the experiment. The integral action of these plant products contributed to obtaining seeds with a higher content of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, as well as vitamins, macro and microelements. Moreover, young lentil sprouts can resist adverse environmental factors due to the richer biochemical stocks formed in a seed.