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1 Acta Geophysica

1 2022

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Environmental monitoring to assess ground water quality and its impact on soils in southwestern India

Sandhu Randhir Singh, Sehgal Simerpreet Kaur, Amrit Kumar, Singh Navdeep, Singh Didar

Acta Geophysica

2022

Vol. 70, no 1

349--360

The present study attempts to investigate physicochemical features and evaluate quality of collected ground water samples from benchmark locations in Fazilka district, southwestern (SW) side of the Punjab. The samples of groundwater (GW) as well as soil were collected from different locations and examined for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), carbonates (CO3 2 ), bicarbonates (HCO3 −), chlorides (Cl−), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), sulfate (SO42−) and potassium (K+). The appropriateness of water for drinking was checked using water quality index (WQI), while indices like soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard, permeability index and Kelly’s ratio were investigated for appraisal of irrigation water quality. Samples are statistically tested using two-way ANOVA and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract correlation between water parameters. Most of the samples were under high to low (C3S1), high to medium (C3S2) and very high to high (C4S3) based on US Salinity Laboratory (USSL). On the base of RSC, samples were under safe to unsuitable category. For hydrochemistry analysis, the piper diagram indicates that water samples were mixed type and Ca-Mg-HCO3 type. Study indicated that water with high salinity was used for irrigation of crops and it has adverse effects on the soil quality and crop yield is of concern for future.