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1
Content available Influence of hydraulic oil viscosity on the energy efficiency of hydrostatic drive
Skorek Grzegorz
Journal of KONBiN
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2022
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Vol. 52, iss. 1
11--30
EN
The article presents the influence of oil viscosity on the overall efficiency of the compared systems with proportional cylinder control. There are energy losses in the elements of the hydraulic system, which are, among other things, a function of the viscosity of the working fluid used, as well as energy losses which are practically independent of the viscosity. In order to assess the possibilities of saving energy during the operation of the hydrostatic drive system, it is necessary to understand and describe the losses occurring in the system. Determining the energy efficiency of the system can be performed simulation with the help of a computer program using an appropriate mathematical model. The efficiency determined in this way can be used in the process of designing and operating the system.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wpływ lepkości oleju na sprawność całkowitą porównywanych układów ze sterowaniem proporcjonalnym siłownika. W elementach układu hydraulicznego występują straty energii będące m.in. funkcją lepkości zastosowanego płynu roboczego oraz straty energii praktycznie niezależne od lepkości. W celu oceny możliwości oszczędzania energii podczas pracy hydrostatycznego układu napędowego konieczne jest zrozumienie i opisanie strat występujących w układzie. Wyznaczenie sprawności energetycznej systemu można przeprowadzić symulacją za pomocą programu komputerowego z wykorzystaniem odpowiedniego modelu matematycznego. Tak wyznaczona sprawność może być wykorzystana w procesie projektowania i eksploatacji systemu.
2
Content available The accuracy of defining the energy efficiency of drive systems exemplified by comparison with hydrostatic drives with proportional motor speed control
Skorek Grzegorz
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2019
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nr 58 (130)
32--41
EN
The aim of the article is to look at the possibility of accurately determining the energy efficiency of drive systems. The results of experimentally determined efficiencies and the efficiencies determined from simulations of two hydrostatic systems with throttling control and fed by a constant capacity pump were compared. The research apparatus was very precisely designed, made and automated. The measuring instruments that were used are characterized by their high measuring accuracy. The issues related to the determination of the energy losses and the energy efficiency of the hydraulic motor or drive system, which should be determined as dependent on the physical quantities independent of these losses, were also discussed. A Paszota diagram of the power increase in the direction opposite to the direction of the power flow, replacing the Sankey diagram of the power decrease in the direction of the power flow in the hydraulic motor or in the drive system, was analyzed. The results showed that a Paszota diagram opens up a new perspective on research on the power of energy losses and energy efficiency of hydraulic motors and drive systems.
3
Content available Dokładność określania sprawności energetycznej układów napędowych na przykładzie porównania napędów hydrostatycznych ze sterowaniem proporcjonalnym prędkości silnika
Skorek Grzegorz
Napędy i Sterowanie
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2019
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R. 21, nr 4
86--93
PL
Celem artykułu jest spojrzenie na możliwość dokładnego określania sprawności energetycznej układów napędowych. Porównano wyniki eksperymentalnie określonych sprawności i symulacyjnie określonych sprawności dwóch układów hydrostatycznych ze sterowaniem dławieniowym, które zasilane są pompą o stałej wydajności. Stanowisko badawcze zostało bardzo starannie zaprojektowane, wykonane i zautomatyzowane. Zastosowane przyrządy pomiarowe cechowała wysoka dokładność pomiarów. Poruszono także tematykę związaną z określaniem strat energetycznych i sprawności energetycznej silnika lub układu napędowego, które powinny być określane jako zależne od wielkości fizycznych niezależnych od tych strat. Przeanalizowano wykres Paszoty wzrostu mocy w kierunku przeciwnym do kierunku przepływu mocy, zastępujący wykres Sankeya spadku mocy zgodnego z kierunkiem przepływu mocy w silniku lub w układzie napędowym. Wykres Paszoty otwiera nową perspektywę badań mocy strat energetycznych i sprawności energetycznej silników i układów napędowych.
EN
The aim of the article is to look at the possibility of accurately determining the energy efficiency of drive systems. The results of experimentally determined efficiencies and simulationally determined efficiencies of two hydrostatic systems with throttling control, which are fed with a constant capacity pump, were compared. The research stand was very precise designed, made and automated. The applied measuring instruments were characterized by high accuracy of measurements. The issues related to the determination of energy losses and energy efficiency of the hydraulic motor or drive system, which should be determined as dependent on the physical quantities independent of these losses, were also discussed. A Paszota diagram of the power increase in the direction opposite to the direction of the power flow, replacing the Sankey diagram of the power decrease in the direction of the power flow in the hydraulic motor or in the drive system was analyzed. Paszota diagram opens a new perspective on the research of the power of energy losses and energy efficiency of hydraulic motors and drive systems.
4
Content available Measuring instruments used at the research and accuracy of defining the efficiency of drive systems
Skorek Grzegorz
Journal of KONES
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2019
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Vol. 26, No. 2
129--135
EN
The aim of the article is to look at the possibility of accurately determining the energy efficiency of drive systems thanks to the use of high quality sensors and measuring instruments. The types of measuring instruments used on the test stand are presented. The results of experimentally determined efficiencies and simulationally determined efficiencies of two hydrostatic systems with throttling control were compared, which are fed with a constant capacity pump. The choice of the analysed systems is not accidental. There is still a view in the literature about limited possibilities of energy systems with proportional control. The research stand was very carefully designed and made. The applied measuring instruments were characterized by high accuracy of measurements. The issues related to the determination of energy losses and energy efficiency of the engine or drive system, which should be determined as dependent on the physical quantities independent of these losses, were also discussed. For laboratory verification, measurement methods were developed, the test stand was adapted and automated. It consists of tested system and loaded system. The measurements during the tests were saved on the computer disk. In order to be able to compare the efficiency of the overall system with the efficiency obtained on the basis of the simulation, coefficients ki determining the energy losses of individual elements of the system were calculated. The research showed a large convergence of the mathematical description of energy losses in the elements of the system and the efficiency of the system with reality. The mathematical model enables accurate simulation determination of the energy efficiency of the system at each point of its field of operation, i.e. at each speed and load of the controlled hydraulic motor. The range of motor speed and load variation can also be accurately determined simulationally.
5
Content available Determination of coefficients of energy losses occurring in a constant capacity pump working in a typical hydrostatic drive
Skorek Grzegorz
Journal of KONES
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2019
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Vol. 26, No. 1
159--166
EN
In order to assess possibilities of energy saving during hydrostatic drive system operation, should be learned, and described losses occurring in system. Awareness of proportion of energy, volume, pressure, and mechanical losses in elements is essential for improving functionality and quality of hydrostatic drive systems characterized by unquestionable advantages. In systems with too low efficiency there is increase of load, mainly in case of pump load, which can lead to higher risk of failure, necessity of repair or replacement, as well as to shorten service life of system. Coefficients ki, given in subject literature by Paszota, describe relative value of individual losses in element. They make it possible to assess proportions of losses and assess value of energy efficiency (volumetric, pressure, mechanical) resulting from losses occurring at nominal pressure pn of system in which element is used. As a result, thanks to knowledge of coefficients ki of individual losses, it is possible to determine losses and energy efficiency of components operating in hydraulic system as well as efficiency of system with defined structure of motor speed control as function of speed and load coefficient of motor. Knowledge of coefficients of energy losses occurring in system elements (pump, hydraulic motor, conduits, and motor) allows building models of losses and energy efficiency of element working in system and energy efficiency of system as whole composed of elements. Mathematical models of losses and energy efficiency in system must take into account conditions resulting from applied structure of system, from level of nominal pressure, from rotational speed of motor driving pump shaft, from viscosity change of applied hydraulic oil. Article presents method of determining coefficients of axial piston pump used in typical hydrostatic drive system with proportional control. Values that can be assumed for these loss coefficients for other hydraulic pumps are also given.
6
Content available Field of work and energy efficiency of hydrostatic drives on the example of two tested systems with proportional control of the cylinder's speed
Skorek Grzegorz
Journal of KONBiN
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2019
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Vol. 49, iss. 4
203--219
EN
The presented test results are an example of simulating determination of the hydrostatic field of the drive system and the energy efficiency of the system as a dependence on the speed and load coefficients of the hydraulic motor used in the system. The issues related to the determination of energy losses and energy efficiency of the hydraulic motor or drive system, which should be determined as dependent on the physical quantities independent of these losses, were also discussed. A Paszota diagram of the power increase in the direction opposite to the direction of the power flow, replacing the Sankey diagram of the power decrease in the direction of the power flow in the hydraulic motor or in the drive system was analyzed.
PL
Przedstawione wyniki badań są przykładem symulacyjnego określania pola pracy hydrostatycznego układu napędowego i sprawności energetycznej układu jako zależności od współczynników prędkości i obciążenia silnika hydraulicznego zastosowanego w układzie. Poruszono także tematykę związaną z określaniem strat energetycznych i sprawności energetycznej silnika lub układu napędowego, które powinny być określane jako zależne od wielkości fizycznych niezależnych od tych strat. Przeanalizowano wykres Paszoty wzrostu mocy w kierunku przeciwnym do kierunku przepływu mocy, zastępujący wykres Sankey'a spadku mocy zgodnego z kierunkiem przepływu mocy w silniku lub w układzie napędowym.
7
Content available Graphical interpretation of the power of energy losses and power developed in the hydrostatic drive and control system elements
Skorek Grzegorz
Polish Maritime Research
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2012
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nr 4
44--53
EN
This publication presents, analyses and compares the areas of the power fields of energy losses occurring in the elements of two hydraulic systems with different structures of the hydraulic linear motor speed control.
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