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Use of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for Decontamination of Explosive Waste from Oil Refineries

Issayeva Akmaral, Syzdykova Marzhan, Akhmet Ainagul, Bakhov Zhumabek, Ospanova Zhanna, Chingisbayev Bakhytzhan, Kamalova Manzura, Karimova Saulet

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

19--24

EN

Pyrophoric iron sulfides formed as a result of oil cracking, when in contact with air oxygen, have the ability to self-ignite, as a result of which they are highly explosive at oil refining enterprises. It is known that the oil refineries in Kazakhstan produce from 4 to 10 tons per year of this hazardous waste. The main idea of the study was to use the biochemical abilities of microorganisms, in particular the thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, to change the physico-chemical properties of pyrophoric iron sulfides. In this regard, the aim of the study was to determine the possibility of using A. ferrooxidans for deactivation of pyrophoric iron sulfides at an oil refinery in the south of Kazakhstan. It was found that the cultivation of a strain of thionic bacteria A. ferrooxidans ThIO1 in solutions with pyrophoric iron sulfides as the only source of divalent iron and compliance with optimal conditions for their vital activity: +28 °C, pH 2.0–2.5, S:L=1:10±2, will decontaminate explosive waste of oil and gas industry enterprises. The method of biological decontamination of pyrophoric iron sulfides was introduced at the PetroKazakhstan Oil Products LLP refinery in Southern Kazakhstan in 2007. For the successful implementation of this method at other enterprises, it is necessary to develop a special adapted industrial installation for the biological decontamination of pyrophoric deposits with continuous (in the case of receiving waste from different enterprises of Kazakhstan) or periodic cultivation of microorganisms, and compliance with optimal parameters for the vital activity of microorganisms.

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The Effect of Oil Pollution of the Gray Soils on Revegetation in the South of Kazakhstan

Issayeva Akmaral, Mametova Akmaral, Baiduisenova Togzhan, Kossauova Akerke, Zhumakhanova Roza, Zhumadulayeva Alisa, Ashirbayeva Saltanat, Patashova Akerke

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

28--33

EN

To assess the level of soil contamination with oil and petroleum products, the criterion of the cenotic level as the nature of the phytocenosisformation was used. It was found that the bioindication reaction of vascular plants to oil pollution is the deterioration of quantitative and qualitative indicators of the native phytocenosis with possible self-recovery of the plant community at the threshold concentrations of petroleum products 6.0±0.3–8.0±0.5 l/m2. Light fractions of oil products cause complete destruction of the existing plant community, and the new community is formed at the expense of the soil stock of seeds and drift ruderal plant species. Dark fractions of petroleum products cause structural changes in the species composition of the existing phytocenosis. The most resistant to oil pollution of the soil are the representatives of the Poaceae family, and the representatives of the families Solanacee and Malvaceae are eliminated from the phytocenosis. For 8 years of research, the projective cover of soil with vegetation is reduced to 92.6±6.3–99.6±0.4%.

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The Use of Phosphorus-Containing Waste and Algae to Produce Biofertilizer for Tomatoes

Tleukeyeva Assel, Alibayev Nuradin, Issayeva Akmaral, Mambetova Lyazzat, Sattarova Aygul, Issayev Yerzhan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

48--52

EN

The current state of phosphorus-containing waste and the methods of its disposal remain relevant. The storage of phosphorus-containing waste sludge is carried out in sludge collectors, which occupy large areas. With the disposal of slags and sludge, as well as the elimination of sludge collectors, the harmful effect of waste on the soil will cease, and the possibility of using these areas for economic land use will appear. Many studies show the movement of phosphorus in soil and water, thus proving the difficulty of disposing of this waste. Of course, phosphorus slags and sludge are used in small quantities in the production of building materials, but this does not solve all the problems. In the south of Kazakhstan, there are warehouses for the waste from the production of phosphorus-containing fertilizers, which also require disposal. One of the ways of modern utilization of these wastes is their use in fertilizers for agriculture. However, since the phosphorus-containing waste has a high content of phosphorus, compared to nitrogen and potassium, this ratio can be changed with the addition of chlorella biomass. The purpose of the conducted study was to investigate the possibility of using a complex of phosphorus waste and algae, that is, the cultivation of chlorella at various concentrations of phosphorus-containing waste for further use of the suspension in watering the test plant. In the form of a test plant, tomato seeds were chosen, the cultivation of which in agriculture is economically profitable. When cultivated in closed ground, tomatoes lose their taste, which can be restored with the use of organic fertilizers. This article shows the results of the influence of various concentrations of phosphorus waste and green microalgae on the growth and development of Solanum lycopersicum.

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Reaction of Aquatic Plants of Small Rivers of the Turkestan Region of Kazakhstan to Heavy Metal Ions

Issayeva Akmaral, Myrzabayeva Zhanar, Kidirbayeva K., Ibragimov Talgat, Baitasheva G., Tleukeyeva Assel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 6

43--49

EN

Heavy metals are some of the environmental pollutants that have a serious impact on the environment. The analysis of hydromacrophytes growing in small rivers of the south of Kazakhstan with different contents of heavy metal salts revealed that the morphometric indicators of the same plant species differ significantly, depending on the level of total mineralization of the aquatic environment in different rivers of the Turkestan region. It has been established that two plant species can be used to bioindicate the content of lead ions in the aquatic environment: Azolla caroliniana Willd. and Veronica beccabunga L., which must be introduced into the tested aqueous solutions in the amount of 1.0 kg/m3 and 1.5–2.0 kg/m3, respectively, to fully cover the water column at different depths. The first morphological changes in plants, in the form of destruction of the structure of chloroplasts along the edges of unfolded leaves in A. caroliniana Willd. and slight withering of the lower underwater leaves in V. beccabunga L., occur already at a 1.5 mg/l Pb2+ content in water, and a further increase in the content of lead ions in water to 600.0–800.0 mg/l leads to the death of plants.

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Influence of Lead-Zinc Slags of the Shymkent City on the Environment

Salim Yerbol, Issayeva Akmaral, Kidirbayeva K., Zhumadulayeva A., Dossybayeva G., Bozhbanbaeva N., Ashirbayeva S.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 7

83--89

EN

Due to the rapid pace of urbanization, the lead-zinc slags previously located outside the settlement turned out to be within the city of Shymkent and began to pose a serious threat to the environment. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of lead-zinc slags on the environment of Shymkent. It has been revealed that the fields of ruderal plant species are inversely correlated with the lead content in the soil, for phyto-indication of the state of soils, the most informative indicators are the phytocenotic composition and the projective covering of soils with vegetation. At the same time, the proportion of annual species in the control is 53.5 ± 5.6%; with an increase in the toxic load, their role gradually weakens, reaching from 14496.0 ± 105.1 mg/kg Pb2+ to 5.2 ± 0.4%. It was found that Dodartia orientalis, Centaurea squarrosa Willd., Plantago lancetofolium are hyperaccumulators of lead ions, while electron microscopic images showed that lead ions accumulate in the intercellular space of plants, forming significant conglomerates of 10–75 nm. The negative influence of lead-zinc waste has been established, which leads to the accumulation of lead in the blood of children and, as a consequence, is the cause of various diseases. The maximum lead content in the amount of 103 micrograms / dl was found in the blood of children in the area of the city, located 800–1000 m from the slag storage site. Developing hypochromic anemia in children indicates its toxic origin. It was revealed that 90% of children have such pathologies as biliary dyskinesia, dental caries, small anomalies of heart development.

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FE2(SO4)3 and Bentonite Use to Reduce Cod Indicators in Wastewater Containing Detergents

Issayeva Akmaral, Abubakirova Azhar, Syzdykova Marzhan, Arystanova Saltanat, Anlamasova Gulnara, Zhumakhanova Roza, Leska Boguslawa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

68--73

EN

Wastewater pollution with detergents is one of the environmental problems associated with the rational use of water resources. The existing methods of physicochemical wastewater treatment, despite their efficiency, are open to secondary environmental pollution. Biological coagulation/flocculation methods are widely used with the plant waste. The aim of this research was the use of ferric iron obtained by means of the bacterial-chemical method and bentonite to reduce the chemical oxygen demand in the wastewater containing detergents. It was identified that the use of Fe2 (SO4)3 obtained using the bacterial-chemical method with thionic bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BIT 1 and bentonite as a clay material is promising. At the same time, it was found that the highest reduction degree in the chemical oxygen demand – 88.1 ± 7.9% in wastewater was noted in the variation where the bacterial-chemical ferric iron in the amount of 1.75 g/L was used in combination with bentonite in the amount of 600 mg/L.

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Green Algae as a Way to Utilize Phosphorus Waste

Tleukeyeva Assel, Pankiewicz Radoslaw, Issayeva Akmaral, Alibayev Nuradin, Tleukeyev Zhanbolat

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

235--240

EN

The possibility of using phosphorus-containing wastewater as a raw material for the cultivation of the green algae strain Chlorella vulgaris ASLI-1 can represent an effective processing of phosphorus-containing by-products. A laboratory experiment was made to study the effect of the concentration of phosphorus-containing wastewater on the biomass density of the green alga strain Chlorella vulgaris ASLI-1. Three weeks after sowing, we measured the biomass density of algae in various components of the phosphorus-containing wastewater. Compared to the control (distilled water), the addition of phosphorus-containing wastes did not adversely affect the culture of green algae, with the exception of a 20% medium where algal cells were discolored and had a low biomass density, 104 CFU. However, more research is needed to better study the response of green algae to phosphorus-containing waste, to determine the amount of phosphorus in cells and solution. In addition, evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the Chlorella vulgaris ASLI-1 strain, cultivated on phosphorus-containing waste, when applying fertilizers for growing vegetables.