The purpose of this study is water prospectivity modeling (WPM) for recognizing karstic water-bearing zones by using analyses of geo-exploration data in Kal-Qorno valley, located in Tepal area, north of Iran. For this, a sequential exploration method applied on geo-evidential data to delineate target areas for further exploration. In this regard, two major exploration phases including regional and local scales were performed. In the first phase, indicator geological features, structures and lithological units, were used to model groundwater prospectivity as a regional scale. In this phase, for karstic WPM, fuzzy lithological and structural evidence layers were generated and combined using fuzzy operators. After generating target areas using WPM, in the second phase geophysical surveys including gravimetry and geoelectrical resistivity were carried out on the recognized high potential zones as a local scale exploration. Finally the results of geophysical analyses in the second phase were used to select suitable drilling locations to access and extract karstic groundwater in the study area.
PL
W pracy modelowano przepływy wód gruntowych w celu rozpoznania warstw wodonośnych wód pochodzenia krasowego dla potrzeb prac poszukiwawczych, poprzez analizę danych geologicznych i poszukiwawczych z rejonu doliny Kal-Qorno w regionie Tepal, w północnej części Iranu. W oparciu o analizę sekwencyjną danych geologicznych wytyczono granice obszarów do dalszych badań poszukiwawczych. Analiza obejmuje dwa zasadnicze etapy, z uwzględnieniem skali regionalnej oraz lokalnej. W pierwszym etapie w oparciu o dane o strukturach geologicznych i właściwościach skał modelowano możliwości występowania wód w aspekcie skali regionalnej. Na tym etapie w ramach poszukiwań warstw wodonośnych pochodzenia krasowego zamodelowano warstwy struktur skalnych dowodzące występowania wód w oparciu o podejście logiki rozmytej. Po wytyczeniu obszarów docelowych, w drugim etapie badań przeprowadzono szczegółowe analizy geofizyczne z wykorzystanie grawimetrii i badań oporności geo-elektrycznej w strefach potencjalnego występowania wód, w aspekcie badania w skali lokalnej. W końcowym etapie, wyniki analiz geofizycznych otrzymane w drugim etapie procedury wykorzystane zostały do wyznaczenia miejsc wykonania odwiertów do uzyskania wód gruntowych pochodzenia krasowego w badanym terenie.
In this paper, analysis and design of colpitts oscillator with ability to transmit data at low output power with application in short-range wireless sensor networks such as MICS is described. Reducing the area required to implement the transmitter, on-chip implementation and appropriate energy efficiency are the advantages of this structure that makes it suitable for the design of short-range transmitter in biomedical applications. The proposed OOK transmitter works at 405MHz with 10 Mbps data rate. Output power and total power consumption are 25 μW and 726 μW, respectively. Energy efficiency is 72.6 pJ/bit. The transmitter has been designed and simulated in 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
The flexural vibration stability of a coupled double-walled viscoelastic carbon nanotube conveying a fluid based on the Timoshenko beam (TB) model is investigated. The coupled system is surrounded by an elastic medium which is simulated as Pasternak foundation. Van der Waals (vdW) forces between the inner and outer CNTs are taken into account based on the Lenard-Jones model. Using small scale theories, Hamilton’s principle and applying two dimensional (2D) magnetic field higher order governing equations are derived. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is applied to solve partial differential equations and investigate natural frequency of the system. The effects of viscoelastic constant, magnetic field with variable magnitudes and surface stresses on natural frequency of the structure are demonstrated in this study.
A 400 MHz high efficiency transmitter for wireless medical application is presented in this paper. Transmitter architecture with high-energy efficiencies is proposed to achieve high data rate with low power consumption. In the on-off keying transmitters, the oscillator and power amplifier are turned off when the transmitter sends 0 data. The proposed class-e power amplifier has high efficiency for low level output power. The proposed on-off keying transmitter consumes 1.52 mw at-5 dBm output by 40 Mbps data rate and energy consumption 38 pJ/bit. The proposed transmitter has been designed in 0.18μm CMOS technology.
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