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Methodology of assessing quality of spatial data describing course of shoreline as tool supporting water resource management process

Kwartnik-Pruc Anita, Mączyńska Aneta

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 57

167--180

EN

The proper management of water resources is currently an important issue, not only in Poland, but also worldwide. Water resource management involves various activities including monitoring, modelling, assessment and designing the condition and extent of waters sources. The efficient management of water resources is essential, especially in rural areas where it ensures greater stability and efficiency of production in all sectors of the economy and leads to the well-being of the ecosystem. The performed analyses have demonstrated that the time of origin of the cadastral data defining the course of water boundaries has a significant effect on their quality. Having analysed the factors (timeliness, completeness, redundancy) used to assess the quality of cadastral data, their clear trend of changes in time was noticed. Thus, it is possible to specify the estimated degree of quality of cadastral data defining the course of watercourse boundaries only based on the information about the method, time and area of data origin in the context of the former partition sector. This research paper presents an original method of assessing the quality of spatial data that is used to determine the course of the shoreline of natural watercourses with unregulated channels flowing through agricultural land. The research has also demonstrated that in order to increase the efficiency of work, the smallest number of principal factors should be selected for the final analysis. Limiting the analyses to a smaller number of factors does not affect the final result, yet it definitely reduces the amount of work.

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The Problem of the Undetermined Legal Status of Land under Flowing.Poland – a Case Study

Kwartnik-Pruc Anita, Mączyńska Aneta, Gabryś Bogusław

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 2

177--196

EN

The new Water Law Act, which entered into force on 1 January 2018, has introduced numerous changes regarding the management of land covered by water. One of the most important changes concerns the procedure for determining the course of the shoreline. According to the previous act, the shoreline was determined ex officio during the modernisation of the land register survey. After the change in the legal regulations, it is no longer obligatory. The natural change in the course of the shoreline results in a change in the extent of ownership rights and the need to define the legal status of the land adjacent to the water, as flowing waters and the land beneath in Poland belong exclusively to the State Treasury. The problem of the undetermined legal status of private land occupied by water is significant because the land covered with flowing water is not subject to civil turnover. Without performing a demarcation procedure between the land occupied by a watercourse and the adjacent land, the owner cannot sell the property. The lack of the obligation to determine the course of the shoreline during the modernisation of the land register survey results in the aggravation of the problem of the undetermined legal status of land under water. This work analyses the boundaries of plots occupied by the watercourse in two provinces (Świętokrzyskie, Śląskie) where the land register survey was modernised after the entry into force of the new Water Law Act. The aim was to determine the scale of the problem of the land use Wp (flowing water ) occurring on private land.

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Analysis of the Legal State of Ground Communities

Kwartnik-Pruc Anita, Mączyńska Aneta

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 1

69--86

EN

There are over 5,000 land communities in Poland that own real estate with an area of over 100,000 hectares. In 2009, the Supreme Audit Office (SAO, in Polish the Najwyższa Izba Kontroli) carried out an audit of the factual and legal status of State Treasury property and municipal property. The inspection also included properties belonging to land communities and showed numerous irregularities in their functioning throughout Poland. The result of the audit was large changes to the Law regulating the operation of land communities, i.e. the Law of June 29, 1963 on the Development of Land Communities. The amended act was intended to facilitate the regulation of the legal status of many properties in Poland. This article presents an analysis of the legal status of real estate of land communities made on the basis of the audit carried out in 2009 by the Supreme Audit Office. The article presents the procedure of regulating the legal status of real estate according to the provisions of the amended Law on the management of land communities. Furthermore, it contains the analysis of administrative proceedings concerning land community in selected counties located in the Masovian Voivodeship (i.e. the district of Ostrołęka and the district of Przysucha) to check whether the amended law helped to regulate the legal status of community lands and land communities.

PL

W Polsce funkcjonuje ponad 5 tysięcy wspólnot gruntowych, które posiadają nieruchomości o powierzchni powyżej 100 tysięcy hektarów. W 2009 roku Najwyższa Izba Kontroli przeprowadziła kontrolę stanu faktycznego i prawnego nieruchomości Skarbu Państwa oraz nieruchomości gminnych. Kontrola, która obejmowała również nieruchomości należące do wspólnot gruntowych, wykazała liczne nieprawidłowości w ich funkcjonowaniu na obszarze całej Polski. Skutkiem przeprowadzonej kontroli były duże zmiany ustawy regulującej działanie wspólnot gruntowych. Znowelizowana ustawa miała ułatwić regulację stanu prawnego wielu nieruchomości w Polsce. W artykule zaprezentowano analizę stanu prawnego nieruchomości wspólnot gruntowych wykonaną na podstawie danych Najwyższej Izby Kontroli. Przedstawiono również procedurę regulacji stanu prawnego nieruchomości według przepisów znowelizowanej ustawy o zagospodarowaniu wspólnot gruntowych oraz dokonano analizy postępowań administracyjnych w wybranych powiatach celem sprawdzenia, czy znowelizowana ustawa pomogła w regulacji stanu prawnego gruntów wspólnot.