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PL
Od momentu wejścia naszego kraju do Wspólnoty Europejskiej polscy przedsiębiorcy chętnie sięgali po dotacje unijne jako wsparcie w finansowaniu swoich inwestycji. W ciągu kilku lat pomogły one zrealizować wiele projektów, które byłyby trudne do wykonania przy wykorzystaniu jedynie tradycyjnych źródeł finansowania - środków własnych i kredytów bankowych.
EN
From the very moment when our country entered the European Community the Polish businessmen readily aspired for the European Union grants supporting financing their investments. During a few years they helped in realisation of several projects, which would be difficult for accomplishment if only traditional financial sources of funds - own funds and bank credits - were available.
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Content available remote Sieć pokrywa kontynent
EN
Presently a lot of countries carry out aviation tests of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast ADB-S). The on-board GPS receiver is used as a basic source of information on position and time for that system. According to the CNS/ATM plan, traditional radars using by ATC will be replaced for ADB-S in the near future. One the vital elements of the system is Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS). According to the project a research team is going to work out an aviation tracking system for control an air traffic and ground movement in the border area. Moreover, the team will examine the system in the areas of accuracy, range of tracking and reliability as well. The proposed system consists of three basic components: the positioning, airborne GNSS receivers, the transmission of data and the ground station. The research plan is carried out taking into account a variety of air operations, such as a takeoff, a route on a low height, approaching and landing. The idea of monitoring system for aircraft using satellite navigation systems is in line witch the concept of the use of GNSS in aviation, both in Europe and worldwide.
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Content available remote W tyglu narodów
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Content available remote Nowi lotnicy i nowe lotniska
EN
EUPOS (European Position Determination System) is a new European initiative of establishment of the multifunctional reference station system in Central and Eastern European countries. The Project EUPOS was initiated in 2002 by the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and European Academy of the Urban Development Berlin. The project consisted previously in establishment of multifunctional satellite reference stations in Central and Eastern Europe, but lately also some Asian countries request to join the EUPOS Project and to be admitted to EUPOS ISC as EUPOS members. Number of member countries is steadily increasing. In 2008 Moldova was intended to participate in the project and at the last conference in Tallinn in April 2009 at the EUPOS International Steering Committee Kazakhstan was admitted as the EUPOS country. So, EUPOS network will contain more than 1000 stations in the area of 19 European and Eurasian countries. Currently 19 following countries are the members of the EUPOS Project: Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. The number of planned stations in particular countries are given in attached table. One common project standard set is observed by all countries, however the project will include the existing or developed infrastructure in participating countries. Experiences of all participating countries in establishing and operating satellite systems will also be used. The system will be compatible with the German network SAPOS and in future will use as main signal the signal of the European system Galileo. The network of reference stations will provide services for both positioning of the geodetic control points and for navigation. Several levels of services of positioning accuracy will be offered.
EN
Eight European countries have initiated lately a new European project supported financially by the EU European Regional Development Fund INTERREG IIIC Office in Vienna. Title of the Project "European Position Determination Systems - InterRegional Co-operation" was accepted by all praticipating countries: Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Serbia. This new initiative is a newly emerging European partnership of public administrations and institutes working in the will consist of four components: 1. "Menagement and co-ordination", 2. "EUPOS-IRC Know-how Offices promoting Geoinformation in the Context of Regional Policy", 3. Large-Scale Information Exchange and Training", 4. Planning Sustainable Multi-Sectoral Satellite-Based Geoinformation Applications, User Acquisition, Investment Preparation". The paper contains details of these components and actions of the international community. The programmme will be concluded by the end of 2007.
10
Content available Geokinematics of Central Europe from GPS data
EN
In several seismic or potentially seismic areas deformation processes at moderate depth generate deformation at the surface and measurement of such surface deformation is an important boundary condition to models of the evolution of interacting blocks before, during and after earthquakes. the network of some 160 permanent GPS stations disseminated in Europe under the European Permanent Network of EUREF and the CERGOP 2 Project of the European Union, with additional local densification stations, provides a valuable contribution to the estimate of the average surface strain rate. The expected strain rate is of the order of 20-40 nanostrian per year, corresponding to a velocity change of a few mm/year over distances of some hundreds of km. Consequently, we require accuracies in the velocities of fractions of mm/year and full control of systematic errors which may mask tectonic signals. Based on our systematic processing of GPS data from permanent European GPS stations covering nearly a decade (1995-2005) we present the large scale velocity flow across most of continental Europe and the associated horizontal gradient or strain rate field.
EN
The report contains the description of monitoring of recent crustal movements in the European region covered by the CEGRN stations with highlighting the geologic, geophysical and geodetic aspects of studies carried out by European scientific institutions. The report includes the information coming from different sources and in particular from studies performed by the CERGOP-2/Environment work package subgroups WP10.1 - WP10.7. These sub-groups currently arranged, planned and organised programmes of their activities in particular regions in a fully independent, self-determining and "sovereign" way. So the report was currently updated by the results of investigations of the sub-groups WP10.1-WP10.7. Since all chairmen of work packages were obliged to report their activities at the EGU-CEI symposia in April every year it was expected that the three main inputs of new results of investigations would be available in April 2004, April 2005 and April 2006. The chairmen of work packages had also to concisely report the activities of their sub-groups at the CERGOP-2 Working Conferences that were organised every year in fall time. So, also a short updating of the Pilot Report was possible after the CERGOP-2 fall conferences.
12
Content available EUPOS - a new European inititive
EN
EUPOS (European Position Determination System) is a new European initiative of establishment of the multifunctional reference station system in Central and Eastern countries as an international project to establish a uniform groun based GNSS augmentation system of multifunctional permanently operating reference stations creating a satellite positioning infrastructure in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The Project EUPOS was initiated by the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and European Academy of the Urban Development Berlin. The Project consists in establishment of about 800 multifunctional satellite reference stations in Central and Eastern Europe. Fifteen countries (Bulgaria, Czech republic, Estonia,Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia &Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine) intend to participate in the project. On common project standard set wiil be observed by all countries, however the project will include the existing or developed infrastructure in participating countries. Experiences of all participating countries in establishing and operating satellite systems will also be used. The system will be compatible with the German network SAPOS and in future will use as main signal the signal of the European system Galileo. The network of reference stations will provide services for both positioning of the geodetic control points and for land, air and marine navigation. several levels of positioning acuracy will be offered. The participating countries decided to form a Steering Commitee. nine working conferences of the Steering Commitee were help up to now. The conferences were devoted to discussions on practical aspects of realisation of establishment of the network, the standards and possible sources of financial support realisation of the Project. EUPOS is a member of the International Comitee on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (ICG) and the Radio Technical Commision for Maritime Services Special Commitee 104 (RTCM SC 104). In August 2006 the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography of Poland has signed with the Polish Ministry of Economy the agreement on financial support for establishment of EUPOS reference stations in Poland.
EN
EUPOS (European Position Determination System) is a new European initiative of establishment of the multifunctional reference station system in Central and Eastern countries. The Project EUPOS was initiated by the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and European Academy of the Urban Development Berlin. The project consists in establishment of about 440 multifunctional satellite reference stations in Central and Eastern Europe. Fourteen countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia & Montenegro, Slovakia and Slovenia) intend to participate in the project. One common project standard set will be observed by all countries, however the project will include the existing or developed infrastructure in participating countries. Experiences of all participating countries in establishing and operating satellite systems will also be used. The system will be compatible with the German network SAPOS and in future will use as main signal the signal of the European system Galileo. The network of reference stations will provide services for both positioning of the geodetic control points and for land, air and marine navigation. Several levels of positioning accuracy will be offered. The participating countries decided to form a Steering Committee. Eight working conferences of the Steering Committee were held up to now. The conferences were devoted to discussions on practical aspects of realisation of establishment of the network, the standards and possible sources of financial support for realisation of the Project. The project EUPOS was also presented at many international conferences and symposia.On 12 November 2003 the representatives of the EUPOS International Steering Committee have held consultations in Brussels with Galileo Joint Undertaking and the European Commission EuropeAid Co-operate Office. The objectives of consultations were to inform the EC about the Project EUPOS, its organisation, standards and services, links to the European Project Galileo and expected benefits for all participating countries. As positive aspects there were recognised short time (2,5-3 years) of realisation of the Project and the fact that the organisational structures of the project are already available. It was advised that the attempt could be made to request for financial support from different EU Programmes: ERDF for EU member countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia), ISPA - for EU candidate countries (Bulgaria, Romania), CARDS - for West-Balkan countries (Macedonia, Serbia and Montenegro), TACIS - for the Russian Federation and INTERREG III C - for Germany (Coordinator of the Project). In August 2006 the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography has signed with the Polish Ministry of Economy the agreement on financial support for establishment of EUPOS reference stations in Poland. The respective fund as given in the Project EUPOS was accepted and support will be given from structural ERDF EU programme. The detailed technical design of the network is already prepared. In order to cover the whole territory of Poland and to achieve the proper cross-border links there will be finally established 87 reference stations. According to the agreement the establishment of all stations should be concluded by September 2007. The tirst GPS receivers for some stations will be purchased in 2006.
EN
Looking at the geological map (Fig.l) and the geotectonic division of Europe (inset scheme on Fig.l) we can see, that the area investigated by the 7 groups for regional investigation (WP 10.1 to WP 10.7) of the CERGOP - 2 work package WP 10 "Geodynamics of Central Europe" (see tab. 1 for subjects and chairs) belongs almost exclusively to the Alpine Europe, called also Neo-Europe, a sector of the Alpine-Himalayan erogenic belt. More exactly this includes mountain chains from the Eastern Alps through Carpathians to Balkanides on the northern and north-eastern side of the major Alpine suture zone known in the Eastern Alps as Gailtal Line through substrate of Neogene Pannonian Basin to the Vardar Zone and the Southern Alps through Dinarides to the Hellenides on the southern and south-western side of these suture zone (Ager 1980, Peive et al. 1982 and Fig. 2). The forefield of the Eastern Alps-Carpathians-Balkans Alpine fold-and-thrust belt is very heterogenous and comprise tectonic units of Variscan (=Hercynian, e.g. Bohemian Massif of Czech Republic including the neighbouring strips of Austria, Germany and Poland), Caledonian (?, suggested within the Transeuropean Suture Zone - TESZ - of northern Germany and Poland, by Stille 1950, Znosko 1986 and questioned by Glazek 1995, Malinowski et al. 2005, Guterch & Grad 2006; cf. Fig. 3), and Ancient East European Craton - EEC (Ukrainian-Moldavian sector of the East-European Platform). To the SE the TESZ is covered by Alpine structures of the East Carpathians and again emerges in Dobrogea close to Black Sea (Fig. 2). There TESZ divide the EEC from the late Precambrian Moesian Platform (in Romania and Bulgaria) squeezed in between Balkanides (=Stara Planina) and southern Carpathians (Peive et. al. 1981,1982). These structures were described in details in a series of monographs published in Reports on Geodesy by the Chief Editor J.Sledzinski as results of the CERGOP-1 Study Group CSG 8 "Geotectonic analysis of the region of Central Europe".
18
Content available remote Laboratorium DGNSS/GIS POLPOS w ramach europejskiego systemu EUPOS
EN
Four European Parliament and European Council Resolutions of 10 March 2004 (No. 549/2004 The Framework Regulation, No. 550/2005 The Provision Regulation, No. 551/2004 The Airspace Regulation, and No. 552/2004 The Interoperability Regulation) obliged Member States to implement GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System). Additional guidelines can be found in Annex 10 to the Convention of International Civil Aviation. In view of the above, a document on the realization of these Resolutions, entitled Local Convergence and Implementation Plan . Poland 2005-2009 has been prepared in our country. Poland treats the issues connected with GNSS implementation with priority which is confirmed by the fact that an ordinance on the issue in question is being prepared by the Minister of Transport (Infrastructure). Since 2002 European Network of Multifunctional Reference GNSS Stations (EUPOS . European Position Determination System) has been developed, and ultimately it is going to have 420 stations deployed in 14 countries. It is assumed that EUPOS will be based on Galileo system standards, but it will also be possible to make use of other available signals, like for example GPS, GLONASS, and EGNOS. Permanent stations are successively deployed within the radius of 70 km. Their coordinates are marked by means of EUREF points, taking into account ETRS 89 and some other conventional geodetic reference systems. Within the framework of the Polish Multifunctional Reference GNSS Stations Network i.e. POLPOS (Polish Position Determination System), which holds a central position of the EUPOS system, it is planned to have 75 stations that in turn should provide three fundamental types of services, mainly EUPOS DGNSS (in real times or post-processing with submeter accuracy), EUPOS RTK (in real time with centimeter accuracy), and EUPOS Geodetic (for accurate geodetic needs). Nowadays, 18 reference stations within the framework of EUPOS operate in our country. Some new ones will be established in the future, including in the State Higher School of Vocational Education in Chelm. Accordingly, new GIS/RTK DGNSS laboratory has been created. The aim of the laboratory is to perform tests on geoinformation software as well as make research on procedures to link this information with the data provided by European Network of Multifunctional Reference GNSS Stations. As a result, it will be used to collect, record, process (perform network and spatial analyses), and make the data available to users by means of the new Polish Multifunctional Reference GNSS Stations Network i.e. POLPOS.
20
Content available remote Precision approach by Polish aviation Differential GPS-POLPOS
EN
In Polish aviation on-board GPS units are mainly used for enroute procedures. The use of GNSS for approach and landing procedures requires overcoming a lot of difficulties, including both organizational and technical ones. The paper presents information concerning GNSS implementation in Poland.
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