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Utility of Chromobacterium violaceum SUK1a, an indigenous bacterial isolate for the bioremediation of Cr(VI)

Prabhakaran D. C., Krishnan S., Ramamurthy P. C., Sivry Y., Quantin C., Subramanian S.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

2018

Vol. 54, iss. 4

1266--1281

The potential of an indigenous bacterial strain, Chromobacterium violaceum SUK1a, isolated from surface water samples collected from Sukinda Valley in Odisha, India, has been evaluated for the first time for the bioremediation of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions. The isolate was assessed for its Cr(VI) biosorption efficiency and the various parameters affecting the biosorption process were evaluated. A maximum Cr(VI) biosorption of about 50% was obtained, and the residual chromium was in the form of less toxic Cr(III). The Gibbs free energy of biosorption was determined to be -26.3 kJ/mol, suggestive of a chemisorption process. Additionally, the Cr(VI) biosorption by the isolate followed pseudo second order kinetics. FTIR spectral studies indicated that the surface functional groups present on the bacterial isolate such as, carboxyl, hydroxyl, amino, and phosphate groups were involved in the complexation of chromium ions with the bacterial cells. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies on Cr(VI) interacted bacterial cells revealed an additional peak corresponding to Cr(III) in the Cr(2p) spectra. The surface charge of the bacterial cells subsequent to interaction with Cr(VI) were less negative compared to the pristine cells, which further substantiated the bioreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The bioremediation mechanism of Cr(VI) by the bacterial isolate is delineated to be governed by both biosorption and bioreduction processes under metabolism independent conditions. The results obtained indicate that the isolate can be a promising candidate for Cr(VI) bioremediation applications.