In this paper, we evaluate the sliding and the loosening behavior of thread joints (M16 bolt-nut fastener) under transverse loading. First, the critical relative slippage (Scr), less than the displacement in which the thread joints can keep the fastening, are obtained by the cyclic loading tests. Then, this critical relative slippage is estimated according to the theoretically obtained equation by considering the bending deformation of bolt and the geometrical constraint condition. The inclination compliance (kw) of the bolt head used in this equation is evaluated by comparing the experimental result with the corresponding analytical one. In consideration of the nonlinearity of kw with respect to the bolt axial tension, the Scr is well estimated by this equation.
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A polymer film was prepared by the photopolymerization in a discotic nematic (ND) mesophase of a mixture of the polymerizable triphenylene mesogen isomers. It was found that the film shows a relatively fast mobility of charged carrier (10-3 cm2V-1s-1), which is probably faster than that of the monomeric ND mesophase. The microscopic domains in the film were found to keep the liquid crystalline order even after the polymerization evidenced by the IR spectra showing the small decrease in the local order parameter and by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns comparable to those before the polymerization. It was indicated that in the photopolymerization, the long range order of molecules can be almost remained, the short range one is variant and, thus, such an in-situ liquid crystalline polymerization could lead to the enhancement of charge transport efficiency. Furthermore, the polymerized film was applied to a simple electroluminescent device to reveal that it certainly works as a hole transport layer because the luminescence is clearly induced under bias.
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The area SCR system is one of the promising techniquesreduce nitrogen oxide (/NOx} in the exhaust gas without fuel penalty. Its application. however, seems to be a complex task because it requires to keep the ammonia slip (NH 3 slip) to a minimum level. In practice, controlling the NH3 slip is not easy because 1) gas temperature varies significantly from low to high levels, and 2) the operational conditions change capidly. In this research the catalyst performance was tested in order to investigate these two points. First, under steady sidle conditions we studied the effect of the load and urea-equivalence ratio on NOx emissions and NH3 slip, and verified the applicable temperaturę range of the urea SCR system's. Secondly, under the rapid changes of the operating conditions we studied the urea SCR system's response and robustness for a better understanding of the urea injection control strategy.
We report the results of 3 surveys of visual display terminal (VDT) users who took a minibreak during which they viewed a stereoscopic image of a repeating parallel pattern showing planets. The single image stereogram method employed is called Stretch Eye™, and we evaluated the effects of Stretch Eye™ on asthenopia. An accommodative relaxation of about 1 D was observed in participants while they were gazing at the image. The employees of 2 information technology companies were evaluated according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjective symptoms of asthenopia and eyesight. The results showed that Stretch Eye™ was effective in easing visual fatigue due to VDT work and it improved eyesight under working conditions.
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Martensite and austenite start conditions are studied experimentally in an Fe-9% Cr-5%Ni-14%Mn-6%Si polycrystalline SMA under combined tension/compression-torsion loads. The martensite start condition is represented by an oval cone in the stress-temperature space, thus being different from the von Mises theory. The third invariant of the stress deviator has a marked effect. The austenite start condition is expressed by a polygonal cone in the same stress-temperature space. Each side of the cone corresponds to the martensite variants preferably induced during mechanical loading. The direction of the austenite start plane is determined by the direction of loading whereas the amount of variants governs the position of the plane.
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