Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Use of the surface electromyography for a quantitative trend validation of estimated muscle forces

Żuk M., Syczewska M., Pezowicz C.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

|

2018

|

Vol. 38, no. 2

243--250

EN

Surface EMG is a non-invasive measurement of an individual muscle activity and it can be used as the indirect form of a simulated muscle forces validation. The quantitative curves comparison has some potential, which has not been fully exploited yet [13]. The purpose of current study was to quantitatively compare muscle forces predicted using musculoskeletal models to measured surface electromyography signals. A metrics based on correlation and an electromechanical delay correction for a quantitative trend validation has been proposed. Kinematics of a normal gait was collected for three healthy subjects together with ground reaction forces and EMG signals of eight different muscles of both legs. Dynamic simulations have been performed for two models of differing complexity from OpenSim library (Gait2392 and Gait2354) [2,5,6], static optimization method and computed muscle control algorithm [20] have been used. It has been shown, that the level of force-EMG trend compliance, obtained for applied models and simulation techniques, is related rather to the selected muscle than to applied optimization criteria or technique. The contribution of analyzed muscles during gait has been predicted better by complex model than by simplified model. Moreover relationship between the body proportion of subject and the degree of correlation has been observed. Proposed metrics and obtained results can be the basis for further identification of cost functions, which could most closely describe motor control strategy.

2

Gait changes in patients after reconstruction of facial bones with fibula and iliac crest free vascularized flaps

Syczewska M., Krajewski R., Szczerbik E., Kalinowska M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2018

|

Vol. 20, no. 1

185--190

EN

Patients with malignant tumours of the oral cavity require its surgical removal and reconstruction of the bone and soft tissues. The grafts are obtained either from leg (fibula) or pelvis (iliac crest). The removal of grafts from the locomotor apparatus can impair the gait. The aim of this study was to find out how the localization of donor site influences the gait pattern. Methods: Results obtained for 30 patients were analyzed (16 fibula graft, 14 iliac crest graft). Patients underwent instrumented gait analyses three times (VICON system): before surgery, 2–4 month after the surgery, and 4–8 months after the surgery. Results: In both groups several gait parameters were changed. Two parameters changed in both groups: gait speed and cadence. In patients receiving iliac crest graft the changed gait variables were: pelvic rotation, hip range in sagittal plane (operated side), knee range in sagittal plane (operated side), foot dorsiflexion in swing on both sides. In patients receiving fibula flap the changed gait variables were: tilt, range motion of the tilt, minimum hip flexion (operated side), time to maximum knee flexion (non-operated side), GGI (non-operated side) and step length (nonoperated side). Conclusions: The primary gait deviations occurring after surgery, and the compensatory mechanisms which subsequently arise depend on the localization of graft donor site. The results indicate that the patients in whom fibula flap was used have less problems with gait pattern after the surgery than the patients receiving iliac crest graft.

3

Dynamic parameters of three-point crutch gait in female patients after total hip arthroplasty

Murawa M., Dworak L. B., Kabaciński J., Syczewska M., Rzepnicka A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2016

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

131--135

EN

Purpose: Patient recovery after a surgical procedure depends, among other factors, on the amount of the body weight with which patient loads lower limb. Research studies report different results of the degree of body weight with which lower limb is loaded during three-point crutch gait. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of the ground reaction forces (GRF) during crutch gait used by patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the first week after discharge from the orthopaedic units. Methods: Ten female patients diagnosed with primary unilateral coxarthrosis participated in a single measurement session. In order to record kinematic and dynamic variables of this gait pattern motion analysis system was used together with two force plates. The static test of body weight distribution between lower limbs was performed on a dual-top stabilometric plate. Results: The average peak values of loading on the operated (O) limb during mid stance and terminal stance of three-point crutch gait were 64.6% and 64.3% of body weight (BW), respectively, whereas in the case of the nonoperated (NO) limb 103.5%BW and 108.8%BW, respectively. The maximum loads on the crutches were significantly higher (by 9%BW) on the NO side as compared to the O side ( p < 0.05). During the static test, average values of body weight distribution on the O and NO limb were 36%BW and 64%BW, respectively. Conclusions: The patients showed surprisingly similar level of loading on the O limb. The weight bearing on the O limb was lower during static trial than during three-point crutch gait.

4

Could lower leg Wartenberg test be used as a predictor of restrictions in temporomandibular joint movements in CP patients

Syczewska M., Szczerbik E., Graff K., Olczak-Kowalczyk D., Dąbrowska-Gontarczyk A., Kalinowska M., Jelonek E.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2016

|

Vol. 18, no. 2

3--7

EN

Purpose: Patients with spasticity suffer not only from neurological problems but also from various dentistry problems due to spasticity of the jaw muscles. Measurements of motion in temporomandibular joints should reflect the amount of abnormal muscle tone of these muscles. The aim of this study was to find out if the measurements of temporomandibular joint movements performed with the ultrasound Zebris device are different in cerebral palsy patients than in healthy subjects; and to find out if the information on the degree of spasticity in the lower legs provided by the Wartenberg test could be used to predict the degree of spasticty in the jaw muscles. Method: Twenty five healthy subjects and 25 cerebral palsy patients participated in the study. Two types of measurements were performed: temporomandibular movements measured with Zebris device, and instrumented Wartenberg test. Results: The laterotrusion and opening movements are different in CP patients than in healthy subjects. Laterotrusion movement correlates with velocity measured during the Wartenberg test. Conclusion: This finding suggests that high spasticity in the lower legs could indicate jaw movement restrictions in CP patients.

5

Are electromyographic patterns during gait related to abnormality level of the gait in patients with spastic cerebral palsy?

Syczewska M., Święcicka A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2016

|

Vol. 18, no. 3

EN

Purpose: One of the aims of the treatment in ambulant cerebral palsy (CP) patients is improvement of gait. Level of gait pathology is assessed by instrumented gait analysis, including surface electromyography. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of the abnormality level of the gait and the co-contraction of the agonist-antagonist muscles, and relation between symmetry left /right leg in gait and symmetry of muscular activity. Methods: Fifty one patients with Cerebral Palsy underwent clinical assessment and instrumented gait analysis, including surface electromyography. Signals were bilaterally collected from rectus femoris, medial and lateral hamstrings, tibialis anterior, lateral gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus. In older children additionally signals from soleus and lateral vastus were recorded. Sixteen gait variables were selected to calculate Gillette Gait Index, separately for left and right leg. From the envelopes the series of cross-correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: Weak correlations were found between averaged agonist-antagonist correlation coefficient and Gillette Gait Index. Differences between hemiparetic less-involved legs, hemiparetic spastic legs, and diplegic legs were found for co-contraction of rectus femoris and biceps femoris and for averaged agonist-antagonist co-contraction. The differences between hemiparetic and diplegic groups were found for some muscle correlation coefficients. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study show, that the activity pattern of the leg muscles is specific for a given patient, and the dependence of the kinematics pathology on the abnormal activation pattern is not a direct one.

6

The comparison of two physiotherapeutic approaches for gait improvement in sub-acute stroke patients

Krawczyk M., Szczerbik E., Syczewska M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2014

|

Vol. 16, no. 1

11--18

EN

The functional gait problems encountered by stroke patients include impaired balance, abnormal gait pattern with marked asymmetry, pathological trunk and spinal motion. Many different methods of physiotherapy are used to improve functional ability (especially gait) in stroke patients, but their efficacy and outcome are often not objectively assessed. The goal of this paper is to compare two therapeutic programs: one that is traditionally used in our rehabilitation facilities (exercises in lying position, “open chain” exercises, isolated movements of extremities with trunk stabilization) and the new one (exercises in vertical position, sitting or standing, “closed chain” exercises involving whole paretic side of the body). Fifty one stroke patients, aged 34 to 79 years, participated in the study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Patients underwent clinical assessment (Fugl-Meyer, Rivermead Motor Assessment, Berg Balance Scale) and instrumented gait analysis (using six-camera VICON 460 system) simultaneously three times: prior to the beginning of the rehabilitation program, after 6 weeks of the program, and after another 6 weeks of physiotherapy, at the end of rehabilitation program. Results demonstrated that both rehabilitation programs improved the gait function and clinical status in patients suffering from stroke. Despite the differences between the two programs the progress achieved by the patients in locomotor function is similar. Two equivalent physiotherapy programs could be applied during rehabilitation process depending on the patient’s individual preferences and needs, as the amount of functional improvement provided by them is comparable.

7

Ground reaction force analysed with correlation coefficient matrix in group of stroke patients

Szczerbik E., Krawczyk M., Syczewska M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2014

|

Vol. 16, no. 2

3--9

EN

Stroke is the third cause of death in contemporary society and causes many disorders. Clinical scales, ground reaction force (GRF) and objective gait analysis are used for assessment of patient’s rehabilitation progress during treatment. The goal of this paper is to assess whether signal correlation coefficient matrix applied to GRF can be used for evaluation of post-stroke patients status. Group of patients underwent clinical assessment and instrumented gait analysis simultaneously three times. The difference between components of patient’s GRF (vertical, fore/aft, med/lat) and normal ones (reference GRF of healthy subjects) was calculated as correlation coefficient. Patients were divided into two groups (“worse and better”) based on the clinical functional scales tests done at the beginning of rehabilitation process. The results obtained by these two groups were compared using statistical analysis. Increase of median value of correlation coefficient is observed in all components of GRF, but only in non-paretic leg. Analysis of GRF signal can be helpful in assessment of post-stroke patients during rehabilitation. Improvement in stroke patients was observed in non-paretic leg of the “worse” group. GRF analysis should not be the only tool for objective validation of patient’s improvement, but could be used as additional source of information.

8

Power spectral density in balance assessment. Description of methodology

Syczewska M., Zielińska T.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2010

|

Vol. 12, no. 4

89-92

EN

One of the methods used in clinical setting to assess the balance function is the measurement of the centre of pressure trajectory (COP). The COP trajectory is strongly dependent on the body centre of mass trajectory (COM), but in case of balance problems the corrective signals influence this dependence. The aim of the present study is to explore the possibility of using power spectral density function of the COP vs. COM signal in assessing the amount of correction signals. As the aim was a methodological one, only one healthy adult subject participated in the study. This subject performed five balance tasks of increasing difficulty. The COP trajectory was recorded using the Kistler force plate, and COM trajectory was calculated based on the marker trajectories placed on the subject’s body and simultaneously recorded with VICON 460 system. The COM data were subtracted from COP trajectory in anteroposterior (AP) and lateral direction. Next the power spectral density (PSD) was calculated for the new signals. The power spectral density is very low for easiest condition, but increases with the difficulty of task. Moreover, it also provides information in which plane (sagittal or frontal) more correction movements are needed to maintain stability.

9

Does the gait pathology in scoliotic patients depend on the severity of spine deformity? Preliminary results

Syczewska M., Graff K., Kalinowska M., Szczerbik E., Domaniecki J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2010

|

Vol. 12, no. 1

25-28

EN

The gait pattern in scoliotic patients differed from the gait pattern of the healthy subjects. The aim of the present paper was to describe the dependence of the gait pathology on the severity of the spinal deformity. Thirty five patients with confirmed scoliosis participated in the study. All patients underwent the clinical examination (X-ray and anthropometric measurements) as well as the objective gait analysis. Based on clinical examination the patients were divided into subgroups according to six different criteria. The gait parameters were compared between these subgroups. Most of the assessed variables do not depend on the clinical variables, describing the severity of the spinal deformity. The two gait parameters which depend on the clinical variables are pelvic obliquity and step length. The results show that the obliquity increases with the Cobb angle. The step length decreases with the increasing Cobb angle and with the sum of angles describing the spinal deformity in sagittal and frontal planes. The evaluation of the gait pattern of scoliotic patients and the establishment of its dependence on the spinal deformity are of importance for the treatment of these subjects.

10

Contemporary techniques to manage of databases in gait analysis

Syczewska M., Wąsiewicz P.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

|

2009

|

Vol. 50, nr 8

294-296

EN

Data obtained from modern movement analysis systems are challenging to analyse. There are several reasons for that: large number of data obtained during the session, their multi dimensionality, most of them are time dependent, often depend on each other. During last years many different analytical techniques are used to deal with them in order to better understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the human movement (especially gait). This paper presents most commonly used and promising techniques.

PL

Liczba danych otrzymywanych obecnie ze współczesnych systemów analizy ruchu jest trudna do analizy. Składa się na to kilka przyczyn: duża liczba danych otrzymywanych podczas jednej sesji analizy chodu, ich wielowymiarowość, większość z nich charakteryzuje się zależnością od czasu, często są od siebie wzajemnie zależne. W ostatnich latach w literaturze przedmiotu pojawia się coraz więcej prac w których do opracowania danych pochodzących z analizy chodu stosowane są różne techniki analityczne. Ich zastosowane ma na celu lepsze zrozumienie fizjologii i patofizjologii ludzkiego ruchu (zwłaszcza chodu). Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przegląd najpopularniejszych i najbardziej obiecujących z nich.

11

Mechanical energy of the trunk during walking - does the model used influence the results?

Syczewska M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2009

|

Vol. 11, nr 4

29-35

EN

The paper presents two trunk models. In the first one, the trunk is modelled as a series of seven segments, whose dimensions and inertial properties are parametrically based on body stature and body mass. In the second one, the trunk is modelled as one rigid segment. These models are used to calculate kinetic energy of the trunk relative movement with respect to the body centre of mass. The results show that in the case of healthy subject both models give similar results, but in the case of stroke subjects the simplified model leads to the underestimation of the energy amount and does not reflect all phases of gait when energy is generated.

12

Functional outcome following the implantation of the modal/bipolar radial head endoprosthesis. Preliminary results

Syczewska M., Skalski K., Pomianowski S., Szczerbik E.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

|

2008

|

Vol. 10, nr 2

43-49

EN

Radial head fractures constitute 33% of all elbow fractures. In cases of unreconstructible fractures, the resection of the head was advocated. Radial head arthroplasty is an alternative way of the treatment. As the implantation could end up with complications, thus new and better designs are constantly looked for. One of such designs is modal/bipolar radial head endoprosthesis. The aim of this paper is to assess the functional outcome following the implantation of this endoprosthesis using movement analysis system. Seven patients participated in the study: 5 after implantation of endoprosthesis and 2 after surgical reconstruction of the radial head. The upper extremity movements with EMG were assessed during gait and pronation/supination movements with and without the external load. The functional abilities of patients with radial head endoprosthesis do not differ from those of the patients after the elbow reconstruction. This allows the patients normal, daily activity, with no restrictions and pain.

13

Design and verification of radial head endoprosthesis with highly functional properties

Grygoruk R., Syczewska M., Kędzior K., Skalski K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Katedry Mechaniki Stosowanej / Politechnika Śląska

|

2006

|

z. 26

133-136

EN

In the paper a new modular construction of the radial head endoprosthesis as well as the process of its verification and modification are presented. The construction was the result of transferring anatomical features and biomechanics of the elbow joint. The clinical observations of mobile modular endoprostheses that had been previously implanted were also considered. A characteristic feature of the new construction is a modular head that is firmly connected with the stem. Such a solution prevents from blocking and disconnecting the modules of the endoprosthesis, which occurred in its previous versions. The material and construction verification of the endoprosthesis will be performed using the finite element method. For that purpose, an anatomical model of the elbow joint has been generated on the basis of the tomographical images. The engineering analysis of the construction of endoprosthesis will prove its highly functional properties. The functionality of the implanted elbow by the gate analysis (in VICON system) is also examined.