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PL
Z punktu widzenia oceny parametrów geotechnicznych (klasyfikacje, interpretacje) bardzo ważne jest poprawne oznaczenie zawartości substancji organicznej. Zawartość substancji organicznej w gruntach najczęściej oznacza się metodą bezpośrednią przez ocenę strat masy przy prażeniu. Czynnikiem decydującym o częstym wyborze tej metody jest jej prostota i nieskomplikowana aparatura. Tym samym dużo rzadziej stosowane są metody pośrednie – objętościowe. Jedną z nich jest powszechnie znana metoda Tiurina. Zawartość substancji organicznej zależy nie tylko od zastosowanej metody. W przypadku metody bezpośredniej, tj. strat prażenia, na zawartość substancji organicznej ma wpływ również zastosowana temperatura prażenia. Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań własnych, które pozwoliły na określenie, w jakim stopniu zmiana metody wpływa na uzyskiwane wartości zawartości substancji organicznej. Przeanalizowano jednocześnie wpływ temperatury prażenia na otrzymywane wyniki. Jak odniesienie przyjęto wyniki uzyskane metodą Tiurina, będące na ogół niższe niż otrzymywane metodą prażenia.
EN
From point of view geotechnical parameters evaluation (classifications, interpretations) it is important to determine organic matter content correctly. Most frequently approach is to use for that purpose direct method – loss on ignition at different temperatures. Key factors which influence choosing that approach are: simplicity of this method and non-complex equipment. Thereby, much less used are indirect methods – volumetric. One of indirect methods is common known Tiurin’s method. Organic matter content depends not only from applied method. In case of direct method – loss on ignition at different temperatures, temperature which is applied in examination has also influence on organic matter content. The following article presents results of examinations which gave opportunity to determine to what extent chosen method influences value of organic matter content. The authors were investigated what infl uence has applied temperature in the loss of ignition method. For that purpose as a reference Tiurin’s method was chosen, which generally outputs values lower than the method loss on ignition at different temperatures.
EN
This paper presents an issue of microstructural changes in clay soils during the water loss due to increase of suction pressure. The change of microstructure affects the geological engineering properties of soils causes problems with the foundation of buildings. The volumetric changes of cohesive soils, containing significant amounts of clay minerals from the smectite group, are caused by a variable water content in soil. The phenomenon of the moisture change significantly alters the geological engineering properties of these soils as a result of shrinking and swelling. This paper aims at presenting the microstructural changes in remoulded specimens of Neogene clays caused by loss of moisture due to suction pressure. The scientific examination involved quantitative analyses of the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study pore space details of remoulded specimens. Tested samples from selected levels of the Neogene clays (Poznan Series) were collected from the Warsaw-Stegny area. Samples were taken from a research polygon for these clay soils. The basic geological engineering properties of clay soils and remoulded specimens have been examined after being prepared according to strictly defined procedures. Through successive stages of the suction pressure (from 50 to 1600 kPa), the samples underwent the process of loss of moisture. Application of a novel method of sample preparation procedure for remoulded specimens allowed examining structurally homogeneous soils and obtaining results without an effect of material anisotropy. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of soil microstructures were performed using SEM and STIMAN software for quantitative images processing. The analysis allowed determination of the number of geometric and morphometric parameters of the microstructure with high accuracy. Based on this study, significant qualitative and quantitative changes in loss of moisture due to suction pressure in the process of remoulded specimens were noted along with changes in the microstructure and pore space of clay soils. The obtained results showed the effect of successive stages of "closing" of the structure of cohesive soils. Microstructural changes have a significant influence on the values of clay soil properties during the shrinkage and swelling process, which are caused by changes in the water content.
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