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1
Content available Selected problems of risk evaluation of change in certified civil aviation organisations
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek, Markowski Piotr
Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska
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2022
|
z. 114
79--89
EN
This article presents some of the generalised results of this research conducted in the form of a diagnostic survey among Safety Managers and a review of safety risk management procedures, including the rules of change risk evaluation, applied in selected civil aviation organisations subject to the survey. This publication aimed to put them under the discussion of experts interested in the issues. Important problems resulting from the necessity to meet general guidelines standardising processes of risk management, formulated in international law regulations [2], as well as in advisory materials of the International Civil Aviation Organisation [6-8], and others [3, 4], including national ones [11], in confrontation with the need for their practical application, were described. Concerning the general rule of risk evaluation described there, inconsistencies in interpretation of the scale of probability and frequency indices and their influence on the evaluation context were pointed out. A model, considering the time aspect in Event Tree Analysis - ETA procedures based on [5, 9], was proposed. Perceived threats to the results of change risk evaluation caused by applying the "the worst foreseeable situation" principle were described. A different approach in the evaluation of change risk based on a comprehensive assessment of the impact of all identified risks on the defined effect was also proposed. Proposals were made to eliminate the disadvantage resulting from the definition of the probability index value – "extremely improbate".
2
Content available Methodology for the Performance Evaluation of Airspace Use by Military Aviation
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek
Safety & Defense
|
2022
|
2
9--17
EN
This paper aims to present the evolution of methods for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of flexible use of airspace by military aviation in terms of the air navigation services performance scheme in European Union countries. Airspace management, which is a part of air traffic management, takes into account the operational needs of civil and military aviation without favouring either of them. However, some military aviation operations cannot be safely interconnected with civil aviation operations as they differ in nature and purpose. There is, therefore, a requirement to set aside airspace for exclusive military use to accommodate such operations. Military aviation must also use airspace in the most efficient and effective manner when conducting its operations. The existing situation provides a rationale for improving the methodology for assessing the efficiency of airspace use by military aviation, regardless of the requirements of the performance scheme for air navigation services intended for civil aviation. This article reviews the development of performance assessment methodologies in the field in question. The findings show considerable variation in the methods used, suggesting the need to establish standard procedures for collecting and processing performance data related to airspace used by military aviation.
3
Content available Legal Conditions and the Allocation of Slots at Polish Airports
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
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2019
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nr 4(117)
5--26
EN
The ever-growing imbalance between the demand for air transport and the availability of suitable airport infrastructure to meet this demand has made it necessary to establish rules governing the allocation of slots to air carriers at congested airports. Slots are allocated to ensure the efficient use of airport infrastructure and to maximise benefits for airlines and their passengers. The first part of the article examines the global guidelines in this area that are published periodically by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). A detailed analysis of the European Union (EU) aviation legislation that regulates access to airports which have insufficient runway and terminal infrastructure capacity then follows. The last part of this study is devoted to discussing legal and practical aspects of slot allocation at Polish airports. The results of the conducted analyses are presented in the summary and conclusions.
4
Content available Economic and Financial Aspects of Air Traffic Management in Polish Airspace
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
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2019
|
nr 1(114)
20--36
EN
The article discusses selected provisions of EU aviation law concerning economic issues of air traffic management. This process in European airspace is carried out by air navigation service providers, which, unlike airport operators and air carriers, have a monopolistic position and do not operate under market conditions. Consequently, the lack of competition between air navigation service providers replaces the common charging system for airspace users established by European Union law. In order to increase the cost-effectiveness of the services provided while maintaining a high level of safety of air operations, the navigation charges system was linked to the parallel implementation of the Single European Sky performance scheme for air navigation services in 2010. In 2019, the rules governing both systems were consolidated into a single legal act. The study also looks at the basic indicators of economic efficiency of air traffic management based on the example of the Polish Air Navigation Agency.
5
Content available Airport Chargesa as an Instrument of Competition Between Airports in the European Union : Legislative Aspects
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
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2019
|
nr 2(115)
5--19
EN
The dynamic development of the European air transport market is the result of the liberalisation processes that have taken place in the European Union over the last thirty years. The EU’s aviation policy has not only widened the access of carriers to the market, but has also increased competition in the air transport sector as a whole. The article looks at regulations concerning the system of airport charges as a mechanism used by the airport managing body to ensure a competitive position on the market. The analysis covers international, EU and national law on airport charges. ICAO documents concerning commercial activities of airports, which are not legal standards but have to be taken into account due to their importance for the characteristics of the subject of the study, are also discussed.
6
Content available Air Traffic Crisis Management in European Airspace : the Legal Context and the Experience of the Network Manager
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Sztuki Wojennej
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2019
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nr 3(116)
5--28
EN
The article looks at the genesis and evolution of Network Manager (NM) activities in terms of responding to disturbances and crisis situations and mitigating their effects on the European air traffic management network. The objective of these activities, carried out in coordination with the operational stakeholders and other relevant stakeholders, is to ensure the maximum continuity and safety of air navigation services for aircraft operators and airports. The review, analysis and evaluation of how to respond to extraordinary and unforeseen events that have a negative impact on the functioning of the air transport sector in Europe covers the period 2010-2019.
7
Content available remote Instytucjonalne aspekty wojskowego zaangażowania w proces modernizacji europejskiego systemu zarządzania ruchem lotniczym
Markiewicz Telesfor Marek
Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport
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2019
|
z. 125
83--99
PL
Na początku XXI wieku Unia Europejska (UE) podjęła prace zmierzające do modernizacji systemów zarządzania ruchem lotniczym i stworzenia pan-europejskiej przestrzeni powietrznej niezależnej od granic państwowych. Celem zainicjowanych programów SES i SESAR jest lepsze zaspokojenie potrzeb sektora transportu lotniczego w obszarze bezpieczeństwa, przepustowości, efektywności ekonomicznej i ochrony środowiska. Programy te nie mają bezpośredniego zastosowania do działań i szkoleń wojskowych, jednak ich realizacja wywiera istotny wpływ na kwestie techniczne i operacyjne lotnictwa wojskowego oraz wydatki budżetowe resortów obrony państw członkowskich UE oraz NATO. W związku z tym konieczne jest zaangażowanie władz i ekspertów wojskowych na jak najwcześniejszym etapie wszystkich projektów legislacyjnych i technologicznych realizowanych w ramach inicjatywy SES i programu badawczo-rozwojowego SESAR. Poglądy i decyzje polityczne sojuszniczych i krajowych władz wojskowych dotyczące jednolitej europejskiej przestrzeni powietrznej kształtowane są przez kontekst instytucjonalny, w jakim mają one miejsce. W niniejszym artykule dokonano przeglądu uczestnictwa NATO i Europejskiej Agencji Obrony (EDA) - głównych organizacji reprezentujących stronę wojskową w obu programach, oraz oceny ich wkładu do zakończenia przedsięwzięć reformujących europejski system zarządzania ruchem lotniczym.
EN
At the beginning of the 21st century, the European Union (EU) started work to modernise air traffic management systems and create a pan-European airspace independent of national borders. The initiated SES and SESAR programmes aim to better meet the forecasted needs of the air transport sector in the areas of safety, capacity, economic efficiency and environmental protection. These programmes are not directly applicable to military operations and training, but their implementation has a significant impact on the technical and operational issues of military aviation and the defence budgets of the EU Member States and NATO. Therefore, it is necessary to involve military authorities and experts at the earliest possible stage in all legislative and technological projects carried out under the SES initiative and the SESAR programme. The political views and decisions of allied and national military authorities regarding the Single European Sky are shaped by the institutional context in which they take place. This article reviews the participation of NATO and the European Defence Agency (EDA), the main organisations representing the military side in both programmes, and evaluates their contribution to the successful completion of the European air traffic management system reform projects.
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