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Techniques for detecting and characterising objects on and under the sea bed

Woodward B.

Hydroacoustics

1999

Vol. 2

73--78

Active sonar systems are usually used to locate objects in mid-water, while passive systems are used to determine the range and direction of sources of sound Some systems can yield information about the seabed, for example a depth sounder can give a plof of depth along the travel direction, while a side scan sonar can give a two-dimensional image of the sea bed This paper describes the application of a parametric sonar system that can generate a narrow beam with enough acoustic power to penetrate the water/sea bed interface. Subsequent acoustic scattering at deeper interfaces may yield information about the underlying sediments or the detection and ultimately the characterisation of buried objects such as lost cargo, mines, pipelines or shipwrecks.

Progress in developing sonar systems for sea bed surveys

Woodward B.

Hydroacoustics

1997

Vol. 1

117--123

Many types of sonar systems have been designed for exploring and surveying the sea bed and for identifying and characterising sediments. These include the conventional depth sounder, sidescan sonar, sector-scanning sonar, synthetic aperture sonar, sub-bottom profiler, seismic profiler and parametrio sonar. The features, advantages and disadvantages of these are described and some ideas for future research are presented.