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The increasing aluminum content affects the growth, cellular chlorophyll a and oxidation stress of cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. WH7803

Shi R., Li G., Zhou L., Liu J., Tan Y.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2015

Vol. 44, No. 3

343--351

Effects of marine aluminum (Al) on phytoplankton are controversial, making it important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Al effects. This study was aimed at identifying the effects of Al on the growth, chlorophyll a (chl a) content and the antioxidant mechanism of cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. WH7803. The growth rate increased from 0.33 to 0.52 d-1 in media with the increasing Al concentration from 0.2 (control) to 20 μmol l-1 and almost saturated to 0.44 d-1 at ~ 0.5 μmol Al l-1. The higher growth resulted in the higher biomass in both stationary and decay phases in the conditions of higher Al content. Chl a per cell reached 10.19 μg cell-1 in the exponential phase at 20 μmol Al l-1, approximately 1.6 and 3.1 times higher than those in stationary and decay phases, respectively, and chl a per cell showed a similar pattern as a growth rate when plotted with Al content. Al addition increased the cellular methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content in the exponential phase and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the decay phase. In particular, our results indicated a positive relationship between chl a per cell and the growth rate, suggesting the stimulation of increasing Al on the growth of Synechococcus is related to the enhancement of cellular chl a content.

Implementing Typeful Program Transformations

Chen Ch., Shi R., Xi H.

Fundamenta Informaticae

2006

Vol. 69, nr 1,2

103-103

The notion of program transformation is ubiquitous in programming language studies on interpreters, compilers, partial evaluators, etc. In order to implement a program transformation, we need to choose a representation in the meta language, that is, the programming language in which we construct programs, for representing object programs, that is, the programs in the object language on which the program transformation is to be performed. In practice, most representations chosen for typed object programs are typeless in the sense that the type of an object program cannot be reflected in the type of its representation. This is unsatisfactory as such typeless representations make it impossible to capture in the type system of the meta language various invariants in a program transformation that are related to the types of object programs. In this paper, we propose an approach to implementing program transformations that makes use of a first-order typeful program representation, where the type of an object program as well as the types of the free variables in the object program can be reflected in the type of the representation of the object program. We introduce some programming techniques needed to handle this typeful program representation, and then present an implementation of a CPS transform function where the relation between the type of an object program and that of its CPS transform is captured in the type system of DML. In a broader context, we claim to have taken a solid step along the line of research on constructing certifying compilers.