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Video key frame detection based on the restricted Boltzmann machine

Knop M., Kapuściński T., Mleczko W. K.

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computational Mechanics

2015

Vol. 14, nr 3

49--58

In this paper we present a new method for key frame detection. Our approach is based on a well-known algorithm of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), which is a pivotal step in our method. The frames are compared to the RBM matcher, which allows one to search for key frame in the video sequence. The Restricted Boltzmann Machine is one of sophisticated types of neural networks, which can process the probability distribution, and is applied to filtering image recognition and modelling. The learning procedure is based on the matrix description of RBM, where the learning samples are grouped into packages, and represented as matrices. Our research confirms a potential usefulness for video key frame detection. The proposed method provides better results for professional and high-resolution videos. The simulations we conducted proved the effectiveness of our approach. The algorithm requires only one input parameter.

Ochrona środowiska w Hucie Miedzi Głogów - osiągnięcia i perspektywy

Knop M., Urbańczyk J.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

2006

R. 51, nr 7

397-404

W artykule zaprezentowano w ujęciu historycznym działania podejmowane w celu zmniejszenia niekorzystnego działania procesu produkcji miedzi na środowisko naturalne. Przedstawiono koszty przedsięwzięć proekologicznych prowadzonych w latach osiemdziesiątych i dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku i uzyskane efekty. Określono stan wyjściowy Huty Miedzi Głogów na starcie w XXI wiek oraz problemy zakładu w zderzeniu z nowym prawem ochrony środowiska oraz wdrażaniem przepisów Unii Europejskiej. Zarysowano perspektywy zmian w technice i technologii produkcji w najbliższych latach i spodziewane efekty. Przedstawiono wpływ Huty na środowisko naturalne.

This paper offers a historical review of measures taken to neutralise negative effects of copper production process on the environment. It presents costs incurred in connection with pro-ecological efforts undertaken in the 80s and 90s of the previous century and the effects achieved. Moreover, it defines the starting point for GŁOGÓW Copper Smelter at the turn of the century as well as the issues the company is facing in connection with the new environmental law and EU directives. It also outlines the direction of technological changes in the near future and the projected effects of these changes. It then proceeds to present the influence the plant has on the natural environment. Since the 80s of the previous century until today both copper mining industry and copper smelter industry has been making tremendous financial, organisational and investment efforts to adapt to the Polish environmental law. Between 1990 and 2004 the GŁOGÓW Copper Smelter invested over 300 million PLN in pro-ecological projects, concentrating its efforts on tasks aimed at protecting the atmosphere and building necessary landfill site. The magnitude of changes that have taken place over the years is highlighted by the emission ratio expressing the volume of basic pollutants emitted to the atmosphere per 1 mg of blister copper produced. It is essential to bear in mind that the overall production output has been growing alongside. Between 1981 and 2005 production output of blister copper at GŁOGÓW I increased by approximately 40 %, while the same period brought an increase by approximately 250 % at GŁOGÓW II. The issue of water consumption and sewage management was addressed in the 80s by building of a new water treatment plant for GŁOGÓW I, which was a copy of the water treatment plant operating in GŁOGÓW II. Since mid 90s the volume of cultivated waste has been greater than the volume of newly created waste. That period also saw the development of a new landfill site located at Biechów and lead-containing deposits landfill site. In mid 2001 it was believed that having completed all ongoing projects the GŁOGÓW Copper Smelter would be brought in line with all relevant Polish regulations. Emission level to the air and water had stabilised, which illustrates the table above. It appeared that the plant had achieved the level of technological advancement allowing it to minimise the impact on the environment. It seemed reasonable to think that from then on it was enough to make sustainable efforts to carry out current maintenance works and upgrade infrastructure for waste cultivation. However, due to the prospect of joining the EU, efforts have been made since mid 2001 to align Polish law so that it reflects EU directives for European environmental policy as well as European environmental standards. European council directive 96/61/EC, to mention just one, necessitates the company to apply for the IPPC permit for emission of substances and energy to the environment, which results in the need for all cutting-edge solutions stipulated in BREF for non-ferrous refinement industries to be implemented. Consequently, the company has been forced to review its environmental policy and reconsider the possibility of changing the technology for smelting copper concentrates at GŁOGÓW I Copper Smelter.