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Tendencje światowe w kształtowaniu terenów zieleni, a realizacje i projekty w Polsce

Michalak Hanna, Kamińska Patrycja

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2023

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Z. 17

251--276

PL

Artykuł przedstawia obecne tendencje w kształtowaniu zieleni w Polsce i na świecie. Wskazuje możliwości wykorzystania współczesnych rozwiązań materiałowych i technologii sprzyjających zrównoważonemu rozwojowi terenów zurbanizowanych. Głównym celem badań było wyodrębnienie najważniejszych zasad istotnych do kształtowania zieleni jako proekologicznych rozwiązań, w kierunku poprawy jakości życia i łagodzenia skutków zmian klimatycznych. Zebrano próbkę reprezentatywną stu „zielonych” realizacji na obszarach zabudowanych i niezabudowanych struktury miasta, czy istniejących terenach zieleni, w których poddano analizie rozwiązania z zakresu: doboru nawierzchni, roślinności, akcesoriów i nowoczesnych systemów. Przytoczono najciekawsze proekologiczne, innowacyjne pomysły, realne do wdrożenia na terenach aglomeracji. Na podstawie danych zgromadzonych w formie tabeli sformułowano wnioski, które posłużyły do opracowania wykresów ukazujących zależności pomiędzy zmiennymi parametrami: lokalizacją, datą powstania lub rewitalizacji założenia, czynnikami środowiskowymi mającymi wpływ na wybór konkretnych elementów zagospodarowania i sposobów formowania przestrzeni, a wyborem określonych rozwiązań projektowych. Opracowane dane ukazujące przegląd globalnych kierunków, zostały zestawione z informacjami o znanych z autopsji autorkom artykułu parkach i skwerach zlokalizowanych w Poznaniu, wraz z przedstawieniem nowych koncepcji studenckich opracowań wyznaczających możliwości przekształcenia przestrzeni w celu podniesienia jakości życia na terenach o różnych funkcjach oraz poprawy estetyki ulic, placów i kwartałów zabudowy.

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Global trends in greenery design versus projects and arranged green areas in Poland The article presents current trends in the planning of green areas in Poland and around the world. It highlights opportunities for the use of contemporary material solutions and technologies promoting the sustainable development of urban areas. The main objective of the research was to extract the most important principles relevant to crystallising greenery as a pro-ecological solution towards improving the quality of life and mitigating the effects of climate change. A representative sample of ‘green’ solutions in built-up and undeveloped areas of the city structure or existing green areas was collected, in which the following solutions were analysed: the choice of surface, plants, accessories and modern systems. The most interesting pro-ecological, innovative ideas, realistic for implementation in the agglomeration areas, were presented. On the basis of data collected in the form of a table, conclusions were formulated, which were used to develop charts showing the correlations between variable parameters: location, date of establishment or revitalisation of the place, environmental factors affecting the selection of specific development elements and ways of forming space, versus the choice of specific design solutions. The developed data showing an overview of the global directions were compared with information about parks and squares in Poznan known to the authors of the article from their autopsy, with the presentation of new concepts of student studies indicating the possibility of transforming the space in order to improve the quality of life in areas with different functions and improve the aesthetics of streets, squares and building quarters.

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Multi-Criteria Analysis and Design Ideas of Green Façade Systems as Eco-Friendly Architectural Solutions

Kamińska Patrycja, Michalak Hanna

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2023

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Vol. 33, no. 4

23--41

EN

The article discusses current trends in designing green and eco-friendly façades of buildings of different functions in Poland and around the world. Information collected on completed façade projects, associated research and conclusions formulated on the basis thereof, indicate trends and possibilities for the use of contemporary material solutions and technologies in designing various forms of vertical 'greenery’ which support sustainable development of urban areas. The main objective of the research was to identify the most important features of green façades as eco-friendly architectural solutions. A case study with descriptions of the features and qualitative elements of 100 of the most architecturally interesting buildings with characteristic external wall structures was constructed for research purposes. The sites selected for the case study represent a review of global trends. The data was then used for a multi-criteria analysis of green façade systems from the perspective of eco-friendly architectural solutions. The conducted research, analyses and discussions on solutions already in place were then implemented as guidelines for innovative architectural design solutions, which were presented at the Faculty of Architecture at Poznań University of Technology in the form of selected diagrams and student visualisations. These comprised highly aesthetic compositions, possible to implement in the near future.

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Innovative, Modular Building Facades – as a Tool to Counteract the Effects of and to Prevent Climate Change

Kamińska Patrycja, Michalak Hanna

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 4

184--209

EN

The paper presents original research, encompassing the results of analyses of modular building façade solutions, as well as innovative design concepts based on these results by students of the Faculty of Architecture at the Poznań University of Technology. Adapting architecture to climate change is the main objective behind research and innovative designs. Reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, thermal comfort of buildings, better thermal environment ergonomics for users of buildings' interiors, increased energy efficiency together with the use of renewable energy sources are major challenges for today's designers. Dealing with rainwater, wind and pressure changes are already absolute necessities. Contemporary trends in modern construction in urban areas were identified on the basis of results of analyses of selected existing buildings, presented using tables, graphs and statistical tools. Conclusions from the demonstrated correlations of quantitative data with social, economic and environmental factors became the basis for the students’ conceptual assumptions. The selected innovative façade designs presented in the article demonstrate a variety of solutions for modern modular systems which protect buildings from excessive sun exposure, help insulation resist external factors, generate energy, ventilate buildings, use pressure differences, collect water, purify air, protect fauna, etc. As a result, the developed concepts may be indicative of a contemporary approach to sustainable building design, based not only on reducing any negative environmental impact and conserving natural resources, but also on designing aesthetic buildings based on classic notions of beauty.