Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Project of a computer system supporting extraction of the characteristics of pork half-carcases

Fojud A., Boniecki P., Zaborowicz M., Lisiak D., Ślósarz P., Stanisz M., Strzeliński P., Konieczny A.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 62, nr 3

87--92

EN

In this paper it has been described a computer system for the processing and analysis of two-dimensional digital images of evaluated pork half-carcasses. The AOPW (pol. Analiza Obrazu Półtusz Wieprzowych) image analysis system was created in C#, in Visual Studio 2015, using the AForge.NET library. The development of the application was preceded by a requirement analysis, according to the software engineering procedures. Documentation in the form of UML diagrams was developed in Microsoft Visio. The AOPW application is used to analyze and extract the characteristics of pork halfcarcasses contained in two-dimensional digital images acquired during the slaughtering process of pigs. The application may be a part of a new method for evaluating and classifying pig carcasses according to the applicable EUROP classification. The developed system was divided into two modules: the first for processing and filtering image, enabling e.g. edge and shape detection, sharpening and image binarization. The second allows for image analysis and acquisition of characteristics of pork half-carcasses - descriptors. The presented work was created within the research project of National Research and Development Center PBS3/B8/26/2015.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano autorski system informatyczny służący przetwarzaniu i analizie dwuwymiarowych obrazów cyfrowych, poddawanych ocenie półtusz wieprzowych. System o nazwie Analiza Obrazu Półtusz Wieprzowych (AOPW) został wytworzony w języku C#, w pakiecie Visual Studio 2015, z użyciem biblioteki AForge.NET. Opracowanie aplikacji zostało poprzedzone analizą wymagań, zgodnie z procedurami inżynierii oprogramowania. Powstała na tym etapie dokumentacja w postaci diagramów UML została przygotowana w programie Microsoft Visio. Aplikacja AOPW służy do analizy i ekstrakcji cech charakterystycznych półtusz wieprzowych, zawartych na dwuwymiarowych obrazach cyfrowych pozyskanych w trakcie procesu uboju trzody chlewnej. Aplikacja może stanowić element nowej metody oceny i klasyfikacji półtusz wieprzowych według obowiązującej klasyfikacji EUROP. Opracowany system został podzielony na dwa moduły: pierwszy przetwarzający i filtrujący obraz, umożliwiający m.in. wykrywanie krawędzi i kształtów, wyostrzanie oraz binaryzację obrazu; drugi pozwalający na analizę obrazu i pozyskanie cech charakterystycznych – deskryptorów. Przedstawiona praca powstała w ramach projektu badawczego Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju PBS3/B8/26/2015.

2

Value of merchantable timber in Scots pine stands of different densities

Bembenek M., Karaszewski Z., Kondracki K., Łacka A., Mederski P. S., Skorupski M., Strzeliński P., Sułkowski S., Wegiel A.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2014

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vol. 57, nr 192

133--142

EN

Differences in the intensity of silvicultural treatments, as well as natural tree mort- ality, insect damage and fungal disease can eventually lead to variable stand density even on sites of the same quality. In addition, the bigger the initial stand density, the smaller the crown and trunk volume of single trees. The objective of the research was a detailed analysis of the impact of stand density on the total stand volume and value of merchantable timber. The area studied was in Drawno Forest District, north-west Poland, on sites with sandy soil conditions typical for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The total volume of merchantable roundwood was measured on 20 sample plots (each covering an area of 0.5 ha) of which 19 were in 82-year-old stands and one in an 87-year-old stand. The stands were divided into three stand density groups (SDG), where the average number of trees growing per group was as follows: 547 (SDG I), 651 (SDG II) and 765 (SDG III). The volume of a single tree was calculated using diameter (DBH) and height measurement. A quality classification of all 6432 tree stems was carried out in accordance with the Polish Standard. Statistical analysis did not indicate that density influenced the total timber volume of the stands studied, which was recorded as an average of 323 m3∙ha-1. However, statistically significant differences in the value of merchantable timber were observed: the highest value of 100 m3 of merchantable timber was recorded in SDG I (€ 5118.87), 6 and 12% higher than in SDGs II and III (€ 4842.09 and € 4565.80, respectively). The results obtained suggest that in the final phase (the last two age classes), pine stands growing in Polish conditions should be maintained at a lower stand density.

3

LIDAR w leśnictwie

Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T., Stereńczak K., Bałazy R., Wencel A., Strzeliński P., Zasada M.

Teledetekcja Środowiska

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2008

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T. 39

59--66

4

Analiza wypełnienia leśnej przestrzeni na podstawie modeli typu CAD

Chirrek M., Strzeliński P., Wencel A., Sugiero D., Węgiel A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2008

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T. 6, z. 4

27-34

EN

The filling of forest space should be defined by a set of synthetic indicators describing structural and dynamic features. The utilization of these indicators in forest sciences, such as forest management or forest nurcery could help in research of development processes in forests. This is necessary in planning the activity related to forest management and protection, in particular . to forest regeneration, maintenance and utilization. An attempt to analyze the filling of forest space was taken in 2007. The experimental material was collected from 50 circular test plots located in the community of fertile Carpathian beech forests in lower-mountain zone of Bieszczady National Park. The results of measurements were imported to AutoCAD 2007 software that was used for spatial analyses. The range of works in the field included measurements of many different structural features in all plant layers of the stand. Moreover, on all test plots azimuths of each tree, as well as distance from the center of the plot to all trees from old-tree layer were measured. These measurements were used for spatial analyses of the distribution of trees in forest space. Area of one tree is contained at a range of 7,69.50,00 m2 and on most test plots it did not deviate very much from the average value (18,13 m2). Average space of one tree amounted to 475,17 m3. On plots in the younger development phases, where there were more trees with small dimensions, value of space of one tree amounted to ca. 120 m3. Besides, random spatial type of distribution of trees dominated on most plots (72%) and not many cases pointed at group distribution. In this study, some indicators were suggested to make forest space characteristics possible. Determination of these parameters may serve analyses of the structure of forest space within the stand. In the future, the indicators can provide some important hints in forest silvicultural and management planning. Further research is needed related to spatial analysis in order to create the synthetic indicators describing structural and dynamic features of all types of stands.

5

Wykorzystanie technologii naziemnego skaningu laserowego w inwentaryzacji lasu

Chirrek M., Strzeliński P., Wencel A., Zasada M., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 5

19-24

EN

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is the technology of the last few years. Within wide areas of its application, a big potential has been found for scientific and operational use of this technique to register and measure various characteristic features of forest environment. In Poland, the technology has been applied, among others, within the framework of the research project entitled .Forest inventory based on integration of various different geomatics techniques., commissioned by the General Directorate of State Forests to be implemented in the years 2006.2008. The goal of the project is to select methods of remote data collection suitable for forestry uses and to elaborate a forest inventory method based on selected geomatic techniques, including TLS technology. FARO LS 880 scanner was selected for the project. The main research area consists of sample plots located in the Milicz forest district. Consecutive tests were performed in Sławno, Chojna, Zielonka and Grodzisk forest districts. Tests of various variants of data collection and processing were performed. The obtained results concerning measurement accuracy and the scope of collected data were compared with traditional forest inventory methods.

6

Wykorzystanie SIP w projekicie Retrouvance - Odkrywamy Lasy Rychtalskie

Węgiel A., Strzeliński P., Rączka G.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 4

55-62

EN

Tourism and recreation may help in development of local communities, especially in regions without well developed industry and agriculture. An example of such an area are Rychtal Forests. However, there are barriers to overcome in order to benefit from tourism development in the Rychtal Forests. No valuation of these forests and other areas as regards their usefulness for tourism and recreation was made so far. There was no comprehensive inventory of places attractive for tourists. There is no necessary infrastructure (tourist routes, places for rest, accommodation base). A lot of institutions manage the region (12 local communities, 2 forest districts, an Experimental Forest District, a Promotional Forest Complex). There are no funds for development of infrastructure, investments in accommodation, promotion). The example of successful undertaking in the field of tourism on forested areas is French Project - Retrouvance. This is a program based on common values of forests and non-forested areas. It is a proposal of a week-long route. The aim of the route is to discover nature. Retrouvance is based on proper relationships between visitors and hosts. It respects natural environment. If it is possible, in the places designated for accommodation renewable energy sources and wooden objects are used and effective waste management is organized.. Following the example of Retrouvance, .Let us discover Rychtal Forests. project was implemented in 2005. The aim of the project is preserving cultural heritage of rural areas, participation in local development and high quality of tourist services with due respect to environment. The first stage of the project consisted in organizational and information activities. In the second stage initial valuation of areas was made by local communities and places attractive for tourists and existing tourist infrastructure were identified. The information was marked on maps. Information collected from individual local communities were elaborated in the form of GIS. A system covering the whole area of the Rychtal Forests was created based on GIS systems for forests in individual administrative units. Three categories of objects were created: natural, historical and elements of infrastructure. Individual points received identifiers and were linked with descriptive base. The next stage was data verification in the field according to strictly approved rules common for the whole area. Verification was made by forestry students during scientific camp. Each object was described by means of standard forms. Actions taken so far are only the initial stage of the project implementation. Next action will be to mark out tourist routes. GIS will be used for this purpose. Planned routes should avoid high-density housing, industrial areas, busy roads, railways, stores of waste, etc. Simultaneously, the routes should reach the most interesting places of the region. The final course of the routes has to be consulted with all institutions concerned. The routes should take into account existing and planned accommodation, which should be situated in such way that it would be possible to divide the route into one-day sections. The final stage will be working out detailed principles of cooperation of institutions, decision on necessary investments and collecting funds. Expected advantages from the project are, first of all, the following: development of the region, change of incomes structure in forests and an increase of public interest in forests.

7

Wybrane zdalne metody szacowania biomasy roślinnej w ekosystemach leśnych jako podstawa systemu raportowania bilansu węgla

Chirrek M., Strzeliński P., Wencel A., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T., Zasada M., Jagodziński A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 4

7-16

EN

Effects of increasing CO2 content in the atmosphere of Earth have been widely discussed for a long time and found their expression in a form of the .Kyoto Protocol.. The document shows various ways of reducing the CO2 content. Forest management is listed as one of such possibilities. Thus, the important issue arises to monitor carbon amount accumulated or released as a result of forest ecosystem management as well as to predict its changes depending on various scenarios. The importance of this problem persuaded the General Directorate of State Forests to fund a research project entitled .The Carbon balance in biomass of the major forest forming species in Poland.. The goal of the project is to elaborate and validate allometric equations and expansion factors for determining the biomass of forest stands. Methods to assess amount of carbon accumulated in forest ecosystems as well as methods of detecting changes in carbon accumulation and dynamics resulting from various ways of forest management were also to be elaborated. The first stage of the research, planned for years 2007.2010, is to be performed on about 300 sample plots representing different age classes and sites for 8 major forest tree species and 12 species of shrubs. Empirical equations and expansion factors for determining biomass of trees, shrubs, forest floor, and carbon sequestered in stands will be worked out based on direct and indirect measurements of various forest attributes. The valuable element of the project is a possibility of data integration and comparison of various research methods (satellite and airborne imagery, airborne and terrestrial laser scanning, hemispheric images). As a result of the project, also answers to the following questions are expected: What is the influence of LAI, determined with the use of various methods (hemispheric images, airborne and satellite imagery, and airborne and terrestrial laser scanning), on the accuracy of tree biomass and stand carbon balance assessment? What is the role of vegetation indices on tree biomass assessment accuracy? Does the terrestrial laser scanning significantly increase accuracy and precision, and shorten time of tree, stand and forest floor plants. measurements and their biomass assessment?

8

Powiatowy program zwiększania lesistości Miasta Wrocławia - aspekty geomatyczne projektowania

Rączka G., Strzeliński P., Węgiel A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 4

43-48

EN

The National Programme for the Augmentation of Forest Cover elaborated in 1995 by a group of authors with Prof. B. Lonkiewicz as the editor provides the basis for afforestation activity in Poland. Its main task is to increase the forest cover to 30% by 2020 and 33% by 2050. Ecological and economic priorities together with tools for their implementation are also established in this document. With reference to the national programme the local programme for Wroclaw County has been elaborated as a result of this large city needs. Total area foreseen for afforestation for the years 2006.2028 is 1106 ha. In the first implementation phase (2006.2015) afforestation of 486 ha is planned and in the second phase (2016.2028) . 620 ha. Implementation of these tasks will increase the forest cover of the city from 7.7% in 2006 to 11.6% in 2028. The successive selection of parcels planned for afforestation has taken ecological, environmental, economic and city-planning aspects into consideration. The final choice was made with the use of modern methods of collecting, transforming and selecting data . GIS. Data from cadastre databases, air photos and orthophotomaps were used to verify the location of parcels with future forests and to sketch forest board line. The programme was adopted for implementation by the City Council in 2006 as a basis for local spatial planning. Now it is one of the most important urban development programmes in Wroclaw.

9

Lotniczy skaning laserowy jako źródło danych dla systemu informacji przestrzennej nadleśnictwa

Chirrek M., Wencel A., Strzeliński P., Stereńczak K., Zasada M., Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2007

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T. 5, z. 3

19-28

EN

In the last decade, among various remote sensing inventory methods based on the LIDAR technology, airborne laser scanning (ALS) gained much popularity. The advantages of this method (integration with high-resolution digital imagery and a possibility of performing an accurate inventory of various forest objects over large area) make it a valuable source of data for GIS systems in Polish State Forests. The quality and usefulness of these data is currently validated within the framework of a few research projects in forest districts (Milicz, Rogów, Chojna, .wieradów and Szklarska Poręba), and financed by the State Forests, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and the European InterReg program. The goal of these studies is to elaborate a forest inventory method suitable for preparation of forest management plans. The method should be applicable not only for the assessment of current state of the forest, but also for predicting development of forest resources in the future.

10

Zastosowanie zdjęć hemisferycznych w badaniach ekosystemów leśnych

Strzeliński P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2006

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T. 4, z. 4

93-112

EN

The main aim of the study is to discuss basic assumptions of taking hemispherical photographs in the context of their practical use in forest inventory. The work encompasses methodology of taking digital hemispherical photographs. Hemispherical photographs are most often taken for research on ecological conditions of plants. Usually the aim of such research is to obtain information on the amount of light which reaches selected height above the ground. It is important to observe a few rules in taking photographs (overcast, camera leveling, sensitivity, shutter speed, maximum resolution). The best equipment for this purpose is a digital reflex camera and fish-eye lens with the angle 180°. Another solution is a digital reflex camera smaller than 35 mm with suitable converter which together with lens will allow to obtain circular photo with retained angle of 180°. Gap Light Analyzer and WinSCANOPY are the most frequently used software packages for analysis of hemispherical photos. The following elements are expected to be determined as a result of analyses based on hemispherical photographs: absolute amount of light registered at measurement levels, crown density structure, spatial variability of stand foliage, leaf area index, general description of crowns (crowns deformation, viability of lateral shoots) the condition of assimilatory organs (number of annuals, crown light and decrement of assimilatory organs, distortion and discoloration of assimilatory organs) relationship between tree density and natural regeneration The following attempts will be undertaken with the use of hemispherical photos: to estimate biomass of assimilatory organs, to estimate density of photons flow in the process of photosynthesis under canopies and in gaps of stand, to register the infrared scope of radiation (in order to examine assimilation organs in stands), to prepare a photomap of canopies. The study encompasses a brief review of literature, a list of possible devices with basic software.

11

Teledetekcyjna analiza sukcesji brzozy omszonej {Betula pubescens Ehrh.) na terenie Parku Narodowego Thingvellir, Islandia

Strzeliński P., Wencel A.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2006

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T. 4, z. 2

139-145

EN

The paper presents the use of satellite remote sensing to vegetation succession analysis in Thingvellir National Park in Iceland. The research had the below aims: 1) analysis of succession of common white birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) 2) an assessment of quantity of birch trees 3) classification of basic types of vegetative cover 4) analysis of possibilities of use of remote sensing data in Thingvellir National Park. The paper encompassed analysis and interpretation of SPOT5 satellite images of the park and its surroundings (taken in 2003) and digital maps produced on the basis of aerial photographs and field observations (from the years 1955.1978). The analysis has covered fenced part of the park (5002 ha). Within the framework of field work, decision of number and kind of vegetation classes was made. As much as 4 classes were fixed and verified in the field . grass cover, moss cover, broad-leaved/birch cover, coniferous cover. The maps of the scale: 1:50 000 i 25 000 were made, and then verified in the field. The vegetation classes constituted respectively: grass cover . 1.0% of the park area, moss cover . 19.0%, broad-leaved trees/birch . 54%, coniferous trees . 0.3%. There was also the class .others. (25.7% of the park area), which encompasses all areas having no meaning for final results and areas which are impossible to classify. Selected data concerning birch (on the basis of SPOT5 and field control) were compared to data from the years 1972.1978. Unfortunately, precise quantity comparison was impossible due to differences in accuracy of data (date from the years 1972.1978 are less precise). Hence only area comparison was made. In the years 1955.2003 area covered by birch did not changed considerably, still it is the dominant class in respect of area. Presently common white birch covers 2705 ha which is 54% of Thingvellir National Park area within borders from before 2004 and 66% of land area. The project concerned the forests and birch thickets in Thingvellir National Park commissioned by Skógrćkt Ríkisins and RALA (Institut of Forest and Agricultural Research). The main works on project have been done from the beginning of July to the end of September 2005.

12

Automatyzacja waloryzacji funkcji lasu z wykorzystaniem Systemu Informatycznego Lasów Państwowych

Strzeliński P., Chirrek M.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2006

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T. 4, z. 3

211-218

EN

The paper presents a system based on a computer programme which enables automation of valuation of forest functions. In the work the valuation system prepared in the Forest Management Department of the Agricultural University in Poznań (in the scope of methodical basis) was used. The method is based on three-step division of forest functions (protective, productive and recreational) and on appraisal of selected values on the level of a stand. For the appraisal a point-weight method of valuation was applied. The automation of forest functions valuation enables relatively fast control of correctness of the applied method under conditions of a concrete object (a forest district) and then verification of selected parameters assessing values and functions of the examined area. The appraisal of individual values consists in working on a great number of input data which has been very time-consuming so far. The use of computer techniques (programme preparing) allowed not only to streamline the process itself but also to eliminate potential mistakes. The programme used data from Computer System of the State Forests (SILP) and enabled preparing basic data for the needs of visualization of a forest numerical map. The programme was prepared and tested with the use of the SILP base and the forest numerical map of the forest district .wieradów. The valuation of forest functions for the forest district .wieradów encompassed 5772 stands. It has been proved that there is a relative balance between groups of functions. The group of recreational functions prevails (37.31% of valuated stands). The group of productive functions has slightly lower value . 36.15%. The group of protective functions has the lowest value . 26.53%. The analysis of the division of stands into degrees of multifunctionality showed that forests close to multifunctional constitute 31.11% and multifunctional forests constitute 30.11% of stands. The domination of the group of recreational functions in the area is justified by the fact that the area is very attractive for tourists, relatively easy accessible, with good tourist infrastructure. It occurred that neither the SILP nor the forest numerical map are sufficient source of data for valuation based on the tested method, although they are functioning flawlessly in the Forest District .wieradów. The assumption accepted in the initial stages was verified (It had been assumed that the system may facilitate introduction of principles of forest functions valuations into forest practice and it may contribute to acceleration of development of this aspect of management works). An efficient valuation system demands both wider data base of stands and corrections in the method of evaluation. There is also a need for standardization of data structure in the bases of the SILP (strict standard of the SILP). Such research directions and implementation works enable to use results of valuation for example to fix forest functions, and as a consequence, to form proper productive and protective recommendations. They may also accelerate research on a multifunctional forest model.

13

Wykorzystanie systemu informacji przestrzennej nadleśnictwa do wariantowego planowania zadań gospodarczych

Strzeliński P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2005

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T. 3, z. 1

163-172

EN

The paper presents works on creation of an optimal model of data for real time visualization of topographic surface. The model should fulfill three conditions: 1) minimization of the amount of stored data, 2) dynamic adjustment of the model to the scale of imaging, 3) guarantee of obtaining required accuracy of surface reconstruction. On the basis of literature and experiments conducted a data model based on sections was selected and an algorithm for dynamic real time visualization was elaborated. The model consists in creation of dense sections which are generalized in successive steps. Thus, the model with minimum sections arises ensuring the accuracy of reconstruction assumed in advance. Individual sections are assigned so called .priorities., which determine whether they are used in next stages of model construction or not. The higher the priority the lower distance at which the section stall be further processed. The distance is calculated from the observer to the centre of gravity of the section. The method of further creation of the model based on a network of triangles consists of the following stages: 1. Generalization is performed with the aim of decreasing the number of points, on the basis of which the network of triangles will be created. The generalization covers: m Determination of the distance between the observer and each of the sections to be analysed. The number and selection of proper sections shall depend upon the scale in which the model of topographic surface will be pictured. Based on the distance and priority sections for further analysis are selected. Designation of condensed points created a broken line of sections selected at the preceding stage. These points undergo the generalization process in order to decrease the number of triangles for the further process of creation of the topographic surface visualization. The Douglas-Peucker method was selected for generalization ensuring high level of generalization and small deformations. 2. Triangulation. The number of objects which shall be created in this step depends on the level of generalization. The increase in the level of generalization shall result in an increase of the area to be pictured and, at the same time, the accuracy of the model shall decline. In order to decrease calculations, the triangulation is conducted between neighbouring sections by the method of biggest angles. On the basis of the experiments conducted it was found that this method gives the best results providing the greatest number of triangles per unit of time. 3. Shading and illumination. It follows from the assumptions that colour shall define the height (depth). Therefore, the methods based on flat shading, which assign only one colour to each surface and bring about the lack of smooth change in colour, were not further used in the analysis. On the basis of experiments conducted, the Gouraud method was selected fulfilling the assumptions and featured with the shortest time of object shading. In the opinion of the authors, the proposed model very well fulfills the conditions presented at the beginning.

14

Wykorzystanie ortofotomapy przy sporządzaniu planu ochrony Karkonoskiego Parku Narodowego

Strzeliński P., Rączka G.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Geodesia et Descriptio Terrarum

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2005

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Vol. 4, nr 1

67-75

PL

Publikacja przedstawia zakres, w jakim wykorzystano ortofotomapę podczas prac urządzeniowych, w ramach sporządzania Planu Ochrony Karkonoskiego Parku Narodowego. Prace te były prowadzone w latach 2000-2002, głównie przez Biuro Urządzania Lasu i Geodezji Leśnej Oddział w Brzegu. Ortofotomapę (o rozdzielczości piksela terenowego 36 cm) utworzono na bazie zdjęć lotniczych, wykonanych w 2001 roku. Objęła ona swoim zasięgiem teren Karkonoskiego Parku Narodowego oraz jego otulinę. W pracach urządzeniowych ortofotomapa została wykorzystana głównie do realizacji trzech głównych grup zadań. Pierwsza grupa zadań dotyczyła korekty i wyznaczania granic, w tym: korekty współrzędnych podziału geodezyjnego (z wyłączeniem punktów stabilizowanych kamieniami geodezyjnymi); korekty granic pododdziałów; korekty granic użytków pomiędzy gruntami leśnymi i nieleśnymi (głównie tereny nartostrad i wyciągów). Przeprowadzono również korektę zasięgu potencjalnych zbiorowisk roślinnych oraz skartowano zbiorowiska roślinne nad górną granicą lasów. Poddano także weryfikacji przebieg elementów liniowych (dróg, ścieżek, potoków). Druga grupa zadań związana była z wykorzystaniem ortofotomapy w pracach inwentaryzacyjnych, głównie przy: inwentaryzacji powierzchni zajmowanej przez posusz stojący i leżący; inwentaryzacji domieszek gatunków drzewiastych w górnych warstwach drzewostanów; określaniu form zmieszania; określaniu defoliacji i stopni uszkodzenia koron drzew. W ramach trzeciej grupy zadań, na ortofotomapie wyznaczono położenie stałych powierzchni próbnych, niezbędnych do wykonania zaplanowanych pomiarów i szacunków. Porównanie możliwości wykorzystania ortofotomapy w zakresie omawianych zadań, w stosunku do nakładów finansowych, poniesionych na jej wykonanie, jednoznacznie wskazuje na bardzo dużą przydatność tego materiału w pracach urządzeniowych. Obok skrócenia czasu trwania prac terenowych oraz rezygnacji z części prac pomiarowych (zwłaszcza geodezyjnych), wymierną korzyścią wykorzystania ortofotomapy była możliwość zastosowania analiz teledetekcyjnych i fotogrametrycznych.

EN

The paper presents the scope of orthophotomap usage during forest management works within drawing up of the conservation plan of the Karkonoski National Park. The works have been conducted in years 2000-2002, mainly by Bureau of Forest Management in Brzeg. Orthophotomap ((esolution of terrain pixel - 36 cm) has been created on the basis of (B/W, natural colour lub IRC) aerial photographs acquired (taken) in 2001. The map has covered the area of Karkonoski National Park and its protection zone. The orthophotomap has been used mainly for three groups of tasks. The first group of tasks has been concerned with correction and determination of borderlines: correction of coordinates of geodetic division (except for points stabilized by geodetic stones); correction of forest subcompartment borderlines; correction of borderlines of areas between forest and non-forest grounds (mainly ski trails and ski lifts). Correction of potential range of plant communities has been carried out, and plant communities above upper borderline of forests have been mapped. Routes of lineal items (roads, paths, streams) have been also verified. The second group of tasks has been related to orthophotomap use for forest inventory; mainly for inventory of the areas covered by dead standing and dead lying wood; inventory of intermixtures of tree species in upper layers of stand: appointing of intermixture forms; defoliation and degree of tree-crowns damages. Within the third group of tasks, the position of regular sample areas on the orthophotomap (necessary for planned measurements and estimations) has been fixed. Orthophotomap is very useful for forest management works because the possibilities that it gives exceed costs borne for its preparation. Use of orthophotomap allows to shorten the terrain works, to abandon some of measurements (especially geodetic ones) and to apply remote-sensing and photogrametric analyses.

15

Wykorzystanie systemu informacji przestrzennej nadleśnictwa do prognozowania szkód łowieckich i planowania zadań gospodarczych

Strzeliński P., Szydłowski P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2004

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T. 2, z. 2

209-215

EN

The paper presents the results of research on GIS use in a forest district for prediction damages caused by game and for possible correction of management tasks planning. As a research area Forest District Dretyn located within the range of the Regional Directorate of the State Forests in Szczecinek has been chosen. It is the forest district, in which approximately 100 ha cuttings areas are reforested and about 20 ha of formerly agricultural lands are afforested. All young plantations are fenced. Simultaneously, due to the great number of deer family in the Forest District, over 3.000 ha of damages have been found out of which 30% concern I and II age class. Due to the nature of game damage, their analysis was confined to damage caused by deer family. In the work, it has been assumed that fencing of large cuttings areas may be an obstacle on the regular routes of deer family migration. It has been checked if planned fencing could influence changing these routes. It has been also checked, if changing of routes might influence accumulation of damages on the areas bordering the fenced ones. The authors has evaluated arrangement of hunting plots, on which deer family feed. It was also assumed that in the case of damage intensification a correction of management tasks will be necessary. The correction should concern, among other things, change in large young plantations fencing. As a result, information on potential increase of fencing cost would be available. The Spatial Information System of the Forest District has been used for the analyses. The system allowed among other things: 1) visualization and analysis of areas potentially endangered by animals and 2) relation of the above with fencing plans. Existing descriptive databases have been completed with information of routes on which deer family move, places of their feeding and damage caused by them. New thematic layers have been also created - routes of deer family migration and places of their feeding, hunting areas and areas planned to fencing in the future. Information on animals has been received from the forest district employees and hunters hunting in the area. Remaining information has been obtained from GIS of the forest district. The analyses have been done in ArcView 8.2 programme. On the basis of the routes analysis and the analysis of fencing plan, it has been stated that in the Forest District Dretyń only 4 plots out of 25planned for fencing will be obstacles on the routes of deer family, which will cause only a slight change of the routes. The change mentioned above will not influence increase of damages number on bordering plots, on which older stands grow. Therefore, there is no need to change the method of young plantations fencing. The fencing costs of 1 ha do not change. The analysis of hunting plots arrangement has revealed that the hunting plots do not satisfy their functions, because only 1 out of 7 plots is near the routes of deer family migrations. On this basis it may be stated that in the Forest District Dretyn hunting plots are not attractive feeding bases or the number of them is too small. The need of renewed plans of hunting plots arrangement has emerged. The new plan should include regular routes of deer family, places of their feeding and attractiveness of food base. During analyses a few new thematic map have been created - for example a map of routes and places of feeding of deer family. The map has not been provided in so called standard of Forest Numeric Map. Whereas the results of the work indicate that it may be useful information for damage prediction and analysis of hunting management.

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Działalność naukowa i dydaktyczna w zakresie leśnej geomatyki na Wydziale Leśnym Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu

Strzeliński P.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2004

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T. 2, z. 3

58-64

EN

The history of research on spatial information systems at the Faculty of Forestry of the Agricultural University of Poznań went back to the early 1970s. Then, in cooperation with Forest Research Institute, research project, which concerned information methods in forest management, was carried out. As a result, a project of information system of forestry was created. In the academic year 1975/1976 professor Edward Żółciak within the lectures of forest management presented issues from the field of photogrammetry in forest survey. Professor Żółciak conducted the above lectures until the academic year 1988/1989. In the middle of the 1990s, professor Ryszard Miś from the Faculty of Forestry and his postgraduate students (Paweł Strzeliński and Andrzej Węgiel) started a series of courses tending towards implementationos geomatic technologies. In 2001 the Laboratory of SIP and Photogrammetry was founded, and dr Paweł Strzeliński became its head. In 2001 Ryszard Miś, Pawel Strzeliński and Andrzej Węgiel published handbook .Geographic information systems in forestry and environmental protection.. In the same year the first master`s thesis from the field of geomatics was written .Forest numerical map as an example of SIP use in forestry. In total seven master`s theses from the field of geomatics had been written in the Forest Management Department by June 2004. In 2003 Forest Management Department bought the first GIS packets - Arc View and ERMapper and new computers with software for faculty laboratory and a classroom belonging to the Department. Presently at the Faculty of Forestry employees of Forest Management Department conduct three obligatory courses and two optional lectures on geomatics. Additionally, elements of geomatics are taught within eight other obligatory courses and two optional ones. Two courses are organized by Forest Engineering Department, the rest - by Forest Management Department. At the Faculty of Forestry in Poznan no specialized research on geomatics is conducted. On the other hand, spatial information systems, remote sensing and photogrammetry are used as analitical instruments for research conducted by individual departments.