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1 2010

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Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes and curved lamellas produced via pyrolysis of melamine by direct current arc discharge

Zhao R. I., Ma Y., Zhang J., Li F., Liu W., Cui Q.

Materials Science Poland

2010

Vol. 28, No. 1

189--198

Nitrogen doped carbon nanostructures, including nanotubes and barrel like curved lamellas, were fabricated via the pyrolysis of a solo precursor, melamine, in a direct current arc discharge. The samples were characterized by elemental analysis, using XRD, XPS, TEM and SEM in parallel. The nitrogen concentration, determined from the elemental analysis, was shown to be lower than 5%. Nitrogen-based functional groups such as pyridine like structures, the pyrrolic or pyridonic structures, N-amine like structures and substitutional nitrogen within the graphene layers, were observed to coexist in the turbostratic carbon matrix. XRD patterns showed characteristic features of turbostratic carbons. TEM analysis of morphologies showed that nanostructures such as tubes and conglomerations of barrel like curved lamellas were present. The formation of bundles of nanotubes was further confirmed by SEM studies. The inhomogeneity in the morphologies of the nanostructures was attributed to the differences in their growth mechanisms.