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Classification of Municipalities Located in National Parks in Poland with Respect to the Wastewater and Waste Management

Podawca Konrad, Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 9

340--353

EN

The study concerns waste and wastewater management in municipalities located within borders of national parks in Poland. In the case, the desired direction of development is understood as undertaking pro-environmental measures, such as: the development of a collective sewage network and household sewage treatment facilities in place of holding tanks, and organized waste management, effective segregation of generated waste for future reutilization. The analysis is based on statistical data for the years 2019–2022 obtained from the local data bank. The multi-criteria analysis involved following stages: calculation of selected diagnostic variables for each municipality, normalization of indicators for the selected features to achieve their comparability, designation of a synthetic indicators describing the rate of wastewater and waste management. The obtained synthetic indictors enable to determine groups and types of municipalities related to the level of waste and wastewater management and to set up their spatial distribution within national parks. Six administrative units (11,7%) exhibit high-level waste management and above-average wastewater management. The largest group of the municipalities (57%) consists of units rated as average. No correlation can be observed between the level of waste and sewage management in individual municipalities and their location within the boundaries of a particular national park.

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Evaluation of Technical Measures Implemented in the Field of Flood Protection and Water Retention in Poland During the Period of 2003-2018

Podawca Konrad, Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2021

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Tom 23

655--671

EN

Flood prevention has become one of the most important priorities of public safety and risk mitigation in Poland. The study presents an evaluation of the actions implemented in 16 voivodships of Poland in the field of flood prevention and water retention. Voivodships correspond to individual regions of the country. The analysis covering the period of 2003-2018 was carried out on the basis of data obtained mainly from Local Data Bank. A set of indicators, divided into infrastructural and economic ones were applied. The assessment of technical measures covered two basic types of hydro engineering facilities: flood embankments and retention reservoirs. The economic indicators illustrate the expenditures incurred on the implementation of technical means of flood prevention. The obtained results provide means to categorise the voivodships into subsets. Units similar in terms of the carried out water management were assigned to 4 types. Voividships similar in terms of the expenditures designated to the implementation of water management tasks were divided into 4 groups. Taking into account the dynamics of the investments and financial outlays on water management measures related to the existing flood risk assessment, the situation is satisfactory in 4 voivodships, but insufficient or unsatisfactory in 7 of them. The obtained results show that in order to achieve the flood prevention levels required in the studied regions additional actions are necessary, including but not limited to technical measures.

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Spatial Variability of Forest Fires in the Polish Voivodeships in the Period of 2009-2018

Podawca Konrad, Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

266--274

EN

The article deals with the issue of forest fire risk and regional differentiation of this phenomenon in Poland. A set of indicators characterizing forest fires in voivodeships (equivalent of provinces) was developed, including: area indicators, variability indicators, 10-year indicators, normalized indicators and a synthetic indicator. The study is based on the data for the years 2009-2018 provided by the Local Data Bank. Assessment of the severity of forest fires phenomena in the analysed period was presented. The results of the assessment were compared to theoretically designated fire risk categories. Areas where the actual number of fires, average area and the burned area were adequate to the forecasted degree of fire risk were indicated. Additionally, the obtained results allowed to identify the voivodeships where the characteristics of forest fires for the analysed period differed from the forest fire risk degree found in the literature. This indicates the complex nature of the phenomenon resulting from, inter alia, large variability of factors that determine the occurrence of forest fires. An example of such a situation is the Lubuskie Voivodeship which is assigned to the medium fire risk category, while the actual intensity was found to be low. Another example is the Podkarpackie Voivodeship with a medium and low fire risk, where over the past 10 years the intensity of the phenomenon was high.

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Voivodeship Classification in Accordance with the Directions of Agricultural and Forest Lands Repurposement

Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata, Podawca Konrad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 11

100--108

EN

Spatial policy-making and implementation at the national and regional levels require, among others, long-term monitoring of socio-economic processes in the spatial and statistical dimension. The paper focuses on the issue of land-use changes for non-agricultural and non-forest purposes in individual provinces (called voivodeships). A special emphasis was put on the intensity and direction of the transformation processes. In order to compile the results in the form of a comparative analysis, a multi-indicator method was developed with the use of the data provided by Local Data Bank for the years 2003-2017. The results illustrate both variations and similarities in the spatial development between the analyzed voivodeships.

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The Agriculture and Forestry Lands Level of Changes in Planning Process as a Sustainable Development Measure of Municipalities Located within National Parks Impact Areas

Podawca Konrad, Pawłat-Zawrzykraj Agata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 8

153--164

EN

The change in the use of agricultural and forestry land for other purposes is the natural process of rural areas urbanisation. In the municipalities located nearby large cities, this transformation is inevitable and indeed desirable, while in the municipalities located close to the protected areas, it is a symptom of negative processes, especially from an environmental perspective. Moreover, such transformations have many other economic and social consequences which are worth paying special attention to. This paper is an attempt to determine the level of negative changes introduced in the planning documents in municipalities located within the borders of National Parks. The indicator analysis based on the statistical data of local date bank [BDL] in the fields of local government and spatial planning was conducted. The analysis enabled to present the differences between municipalities with very high natural values in terms of decreasing the area of agricultural and forestry landscape. Furthermore, to elaborate the typology of the studied administrative units the obtained results were verified by comparing them with recommended percentage share of forest and agricultural lands which potentially guarantee good conditions for the development of tourism in rural municipalities.