The Klonów Anticline is located in the western outskirts of the Łysogóry Region of the Holy Cross Mountains. A fresh look onto the cartographic evidence suggests that this structure shows the key characteristics of a progressive unconformity. This becomes evident when compared to the classical example of the Sant Llorenç de Morunys Anticline (eastern Pyrenees, Spain). The geometry of the unconformity requires a phase of thrusting or reverse faulting along the Holy Cross Fault in the latest Silurian–earliest Devonian (Late Caledonian deformation) followed by Variscan thin-skinned thrusting. Thick- and thin-skinned kinematic scenarios for the latest Silurian-earliest Devonian deformation of the Łysogóry Region are explored.
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On a basis of tectonic mesostructures, the pre-late Tremadocian tectonic event (Sandomirian “phase”), believed to account for deformation of the Cambrian system in the Kielce Unit (Holy Cross Mts., Central Poland), has been subdivided into 3 successive tectonic episodes of different kinematics. During the first stage (D1), flat, westerly vergent thrusts originated, giving rise to gravitational sliding. Subsequently, during D2, the entire sequence was imbricated by the northerly vergent thrusts. In the terminal phase (D3), map-scale folds developed, changing inclinations of previously formed structures.Mode of deformation during the D2 stage is typical for thrust and fold belts. Absolute dating of these events remains speculative, but the pre-late Tremadocian age of the D1 and D2 phases is evident. The D3 is considered as a continuation of the D2, but alternative concepts are also acceptable in the light of the presented data.
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