Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Wpływ temperatury na wartość minimalnego ciśnienia mieszalności dla układu węglowodory-CO2

Czarnota R., Knapik E., Wojnarowski P., Stopa J., Janiga D.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 6

871--874

PL

Iniekcja ditlenku węgla jest skuteczną metodą zwiększenia stopnia sczerpania ropy naftowej z częściowo wyeksploatowanych złóż. Minimalne ciśnienie mieszania (MMP) jest definiowane jako najniższe ciśnienie robocze, przy którym napięcie międzyfazowe między gazem a cieczą zanika w danej temperaturze, w efekcie czego faza olejowa i gazowa ulegają wymieszaniu. Dokładne oznaczenie MMP dla układu ropa naftowa-CO2 jest wymagane pod kątem realizacji projektu EOR (enhanced oil recovery). Znanych jest wiele modeli teoretycznych, symulacji numerycznych i technik eksperymentalnych do pomiaru MMP dla różnych układów ropy naftowej i rozpuszczalników. W pracy zastosowano metodę zaniku sygnału akustycznego (SRM) w celu określenia ciśnienia, przy którym następuje zanik napięcia międzyfazowego dla układu CO2-n-dekan. W ostatnim etapie pracy przeprowadzono odwzorowanie eksperymentu laboratoryjnego poprzez wykonanie symulacji numerycznej pod kątem zbadania wpływu temperatury na minimalne ciśnienie mieszania.

EN

Computer-controlled lab. stand and an acoustic signal-based decay method were used to det. the pressure for which the interfacial tension decayed in the CO2-n-decane system. The measurements were made at 20-70°C. The exptl. results were compared with the data obtained by the calcn. method using a com. simulator.

2

Optymalizacja procesu zatłaczania CO2 do złoża ropy nienasyconej przy wykorzystaniu pionowych odwiertów iniekcyjnych

Janiga D., Czarnota R., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P., Knapik E., Kosowski P., Wartak J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2018

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T. 97, nr 6

879--882

PL

Malejąca tendencja odkryć nowych konwencjonalnych złóż węglowodorów wymusza konieczność poszukiwania nowych dróg rozwoju przemysłu naftowego umożliwiając utrzymanie lub podniesienie zasobów wydobywalnych i kontynuację wydobycia. Jedną z możliwych ścieżek ekspansji jest wykorzystanie trzecich metod wydobycia polegających na zatłaczaniu ditlenku węgla do złoża. Skala problemu optymalizacji procesu zatłaczania ditlenku węgla do złoża wymaga wielowymiarowej analizy danych ze względu na interferencję parametrów geologiczno-technologicznych. Określono optymalną strategię prowadzenia eksploatacji złoża ropy nienasyconej poprzez zatłaczanie ditlenku węgla, poprzez definicję miejsc wykonania odwiertów udostępniających.

EN

Computer simulation of the crude oil field exploitation by using 4 prodn. wells and 3 injection wells for CO2 injection was applied to assess the effectiveness of the tested method of oil field exploitation. The method enabled an increased oil prodn. by controlling the use of prodn. and injection wells.

3

Intelligent control of CO2-EOR process

Mikołajczak E., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P., Janiga D., Czarnota R.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2018

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Vol. 35, no. 1

235--243

EN

One of the enhanced oil recovery methods, which enables to recover an additional 15–20% of oil resources is the CO2-EOR method based on carbon dioxide injection into partially depleted reservoirs. Determination of the optimal process control facilitates effective use of natural resources. The idea of this paper is to develop an algorithm that optimizes the CO2-EOR process. This algorithm is based on the combination of artificial intelligence, control theory and computer simulation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The effect of the proposed solution is the CO2-EOR process control, which is optimal in the case of the adopted objective function expressing the economic value of the project. The obtained results suggest that the use of artificial intelligence methods in the hydrocarbon production allows to improve the process efficiency by an additional 31% compared to the project carried out with the use of engineering knowledge.

4

Analysis and selection of CO2 sources for CCS-EOR projects in oil fields clusters in Poland

Mikołajczak E., Kosowski P., Stopa J., Wartak J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2018

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Vol. 35, no. 1

295--307

EN

Article contains a detailed analysis and a preliminary selection of potential CO2 emitters that can supply gas for CCS-EOR projects in oil fields clusters in Poland. The idea of CO2 injection into clusters arises from the fact that oil reservoirs in Poland are relatively small, but very often located close together. Reservoirs grouping significantly increases the potential storage capacity and improves economic indicators. In addition, CCS-EOR projects combine CO2 storage (CCS) with an increase in production from mature oil fields (EOR). The analysis was performed using a database of carbon dioxide emitters in Poland created by the National Centre for Emissions Management. This database contains a list of all registered CO2 producers with annual emissions exceeding 1 Mg. On this basis, potential CO2 sources for previously selected four clusters of oil reservoirs were chosen.

5

Skład chemiczny ropy naftowej z procesu intensyfikacji wydobycia węglowodorów przy użyciu nadkrytycznego ditlenku węgla

Czarnota R., Knapik E., Wojnarowski P., Stopa J., Janiga D., Kosowski P.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 5

964--967

PL

Zatłaczanie ditlenku węgla do częściowo sczerpanych złóż ropy pozwala na zmniejszenie emisji CO₂ do atmosfery (geosekwestracja) przy równoczesnym wzroście wydobycia węglowodorów. Zastosowanie tej zaawansowanej metody wydobycia daje pozytywne efekty ekonomiczne i środowiskowe. W warunkach złożowych podczas reiniekcji CO₂ zachodzą złożone procesy fizykochemiczne, w tym wytrącanie asfaltenów i ekstrakcja lekkich węglowodorów. O przebiegu mieszania CO₂ z ropą decyduje ciśnienie złożowe, skład ropy i warunki geologiczne. Przeprowadzono eksperyment wypierania ropy z rdzenia skalnego w warunkach złożowych. Zmiany składu chemicznego ropy naftowej określono metodą chromatografii gazowej. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że ditlenek węgla skutecznie wynosił lekkie frakcje, co mogło powodować osadzanie i odkładanie się cięższych składników w próbce skalnej.

EN

Crude oil was recovered from rock structures (sandstone, dolomite) by flooding with supercrit. CO₂ at 50°C and 9.3 MPa under lab. conditions and studied for chem. compn. by gas chromatog. The first oil fraction contained C₆-C₁₅ hydrocarbons, the second one, the C₂₀-C₃₀ hydrocarbons. The heave components (asphalthenes) remained in the rock structure.

6

Analiza wpływu zasolenia wody złożowej na optymalizację procesu zatłaczania polimerów do złoża

Janiga D., Czarnota R., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P., Kosowski P., Knapik E.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2017

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T. 96, nr 5

968--971

PL

Zatłaczanie roztworów polimerów do złoża ropy naftowej ma na celu kontrolę mobilności wód złożowych, co pozwala na uzyskanie wysokiego współczynnika sczerpania, zwłaszcza w złożach niejednorodnych. Optymalizacja tego procesu wymaga sprecyzowania wartości stężenia oraz objętości roztworu polimeru, a dodatkowo określenia czasu rozpoczęcia zatłaczania. Efektywność procesu zależy do kilku kluczowych parametrów, do których należy zasolenie wody złożowej, wpływające na lepkość roztworu polimerów. W pracy, wykorzystując modelowanie złożowe zintegrowane z algorytmami optymalizacyjnymi, określono parametry prowadzenia zabiegu z uwzględnieniem wpływu zasolenia wody złożowej. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że poprawne rozpoznanie złoża i dobór odpowiedniego polimeru w kontekście mineralizacji wód złożowych są kluczowe dla pomyślności całego procesu.

EN

Polyacrylamide was dissolved (up to 1000 mg/L) in salines of varying salt concns. (1000-7000 mg/L) and flooded to crude oil-bearing rock under 150 bar to improve the oil recovery. This model was base for estg. the increase of oil recovery factor and process efficiency.

7

The use of computer simulations to assess the effectiveness of the revitalization of mature oil fields using the selected reservoir as an example

Podsobiński D., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 1

67--80

EN

The decrease in new oil field discoveries over the years makes it necessary to return to the abandoned partially depleted oil fields. Due to remaining significant amount of geological resources, mature oil field can be important in the overall balance. The production rate can be increased using various recovery methods. This paper presents a method of revitalizing mature oil fields used in Poland and wide world as well as screening criteria were presented. This article indicate the role of computer simulation as a tool in planning process of revitalization works in case of mature oil fields exploration and management. A recovery methods would be proposed, using computer simulation for the selected reservoir in south – eastern Poland as an example. The effectiveness of the recovery method would be determined through forecast of future production. An preliminary economic analysis would be performed to determine the feasibility of the seletected method taking into account the initial investment costs and different oil prices.

8

Prospects for development of the oil market in the world

Rychlicki S., Stopa J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 1

27--36

EN

Crude oil and natural gas were in the twentieth century and are still the most important strategic resources, which determine many aspects of politics and the world economy. The price level and the availability of oil and gas has a huge impact on the economic situation of all countries of the world. The developments in the oil market were the cause of many wars. The use of oil on an industrial scale it was observed at the end of the nineteenth century and once was considered the most effective source of energy for universal use. Since then, a steady increase of its share in the energy balances of the World. Growing automotive industry in the early twentieth century was also an important factor in increasing the use of oil, which is then processed in many emerging refineries. All this led to the development of the oil industry, which has become an alternative to coal as the main fuel so far. However, a major breakthrough in the use of oil occurred only after the Second World War, when began to rapidly develop such industries as chemical-based oil or plastics industry. This article presents information on traditional and prospective areas where oil deposits in the world and its resources as well as international trade, price formation in the market and prospects of development of the oil market in the world.

9

Predicting relative permeability from experimental capillary pressure porous plate test for two phase flow

Czarnota R., Janiga D., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 2

323--334

EN

Relative permeabilities relationships as a function of fluids saturation are one of the most important parameters for describing multiphase flow processes in reservoir rocks. When direct laboratory tests are not available for investigating oil-water multi-phase flow in rocks, then indirect prediction techniques using relative permeability functions are widely used, e.g. from capillary pressure test. In this study the measurement of capillary pressure was performed on rocks plugs with different characteristics at reservoir conditions using porous plate method. During measurement semi-permeable membrane was used with 15 bar threshold pressure, what allowed to register formation water saturation, at changing differential pressures steps. Desaturation at each pressure stage was continued until no more produced liquid was observed. Water saturation point at maximum capillary pressure applied is assumed to be final irreducible water saturation. Application of porous plate method provides sufficient stabilization time, allowing to achieve uniform saturation distribution. In this research, Brook-Corey model was used to predict relative permeability from experimental measured capillary pressure data for oil-water phase flow in porous media. As a result, it is possible to obtain more accurate capillary pressure outcomes, and relative permeability curves for the two-phase system, than other methods used in practice. Performing capillary pressure measurements at reservoir conditions, allows to restore the processes occurring in the reservoir.

10

Microscale modeling of CO2-EOR process in coupling with laboratory measurements

Janiga D., Czarnota R., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 1

37--47

EN

Application of enhance oil recovery methods (EOR) as carbon dioxide injection (CO2-EOR) can increase technological or economical production indicators. For the evaluation of process effectiveness, full scale simulation model is used. Numerical models require large number of high quality geological and production data. However, the necessary data may be uncertain therefore microscale laboratory experiment and modeling can provide a knowledge to understand the fluid flow phenomena. In this paper the authors propose an integrated decision model coupling laboratory measurements of displacement with the numerical simulation of flow. First step consists of routine rock properties determination, after that core sample geometry, porosity and permeability were reconstructed in numerical reservoir simulator. Simple core model was combined with relative permeability measurements for oil - water and oil - carbon dioxide as well as fluid properties. Calibrated to laboratory measurements simulation model was used to analyze the process of CO2-EOR and evaluation of its effectiveness depending on technological parameters.

11

Analysis and selection of CO2 sources for CCS-EOR projects in oil fields clusters in Poland

Mikołajczak E., Kosowski P., Stopa J., Wartak J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2017

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Vol. 34, no. 4

831--842

EN

Article contains detailed analysis and preliminary selection of potential CO2 emitters, who could be suppliers of gas for CCS-EOR projects in oil fields clusters in Poland. The idea of CO2 injection into clusters arises from the fact that oil reservoirs in Poland are relatively small, but very often located close together. Grouping reservoirs allows the potential storage capacity to increase significantly and improves economic indicators. In addition, CCS-EOR projects combine CO2 storage (CCS) with an increase in production from mature oil fields (EOR). The analysis was performed using a database of carbon dioxide emitters in Poland, which was created by the National Centre for Emissions Management. This database contains a list of all registered producers of CO2 with annual emissions exceeding 1 Mg. On this basis, potential sources of CO2 for previously selected four clusters of oil reservoirs were chosen.

12

Zastosowanie sztucznej inteligencji w komputerowej symulacji złóż

Stopa J., Wojnarowski P., Janiga D.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2016

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nr 209 wyd. konferencyjne

805--808

PL

Wykorzystanie metod optymalizacyjnych jako narzędzia wspomagania decyzyjności posiada duży potencjał, który można wykorzystać, by zmaksymalizować techniczne lub ekonomiczne wskaźniki wydobycia. Biorąc pod uwagę złożoność problemu optymalizacji strategii zarządzania złożem węglowodorów, oczywiste wydaje się oparcie optymalizacji na metodach wykorzystujących sztuczną inteligencję. Metody te są obiektem zainteresowania branży naftowej, głównie z powodu możliwości wykorzystania niektórych jej elementów do zarządzania produkcją oraz optymalizacją. Metody te bazują na samoświadomości, umożliwiając naśladowanie inteligentnych zachowań człowieka, potrafią wykorzystywać zdobytą wiedzę w sytuacjach nowych i problematycznych. Przedstawiona praca stanowi próbę synergii zaawansowanych symulacji numerycznych z metodami optymalizacyjnymi opartymi na sztucznej inteligencji. Celem fuzji jest stworzenie autonomicznego i inteligentnego algorytmu pozwalającego na optymalne zarządzanie złożem węglowodorów.

EN

The use of optimization methods as a tool to support decision making has a lot of potential that can be used to maximize the technical and economic indicators of production. Due to complexity of reservoir management optimization problem it seems obvious to support optimization methods using artificial intelligence. These methods are object of interest in the oil industry because of possibility of using AI elements to production management and optimization. AI methods are based on self-awareness allowing mimic of intelligent human behavior and use the acquired knowledge in new situations. This paper is an attempt to synergy of reservoir simulation with AI. The aim is to create an autonomous and intelligent algorithm allowing optimal reservoir management.

13

The comparison of geological conditions of American unconventional oil fields and Krosno beds

Solecki M., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P., Wartak J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2016

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Vol. 33, no. 1

81--92

EN

In this paper the geological conditions of American unconventional oil fields has been described. Similarities and differences of geology of four formations (Bakken, Eagle Ford, Avalon & Bone Springs and Monterey) have been contraposed to Krosno Beds. Stratigraphy, lithology, petrophysical parameters and mineral composition have been compared. It has been shown, that there is some similarity of geological background of Monterey Formation and Krosno Beds, what may indicate the possibility of oil production after adaptation of American technologies to Polish conditions.

14

Petroleum substances in soil and groundwater in the urban areas

Solecki T., Stopa J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2016

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Vol. 33, no. 1

135--144

EN

The result of human activity is polluting the soil and water. Based on the results of heavy metals studies it can be stated that the level of contamination of soil and water in urban areas is not high. This image is changing after taking into account other types of pollution. Besides some heavy metal contamination urban areas are contaminated with petroleum. Contamination of oil derivatives has a significant impact on the soil and water environment. In addition, some petroleum substances, such as petrol, have high vapour pressure. This causes a displacement of soil air from the vadose zone through the hydrocarbon gases, which creates a risk of explosion, especially in urban areas. This paper describes the pollution of ground-water oil derivatives in an urban area on the example of an oil filling station, operated for several years. In order to assess the condition of soil, 90 soil samples from different depths and 20 samples of groundwater were taken. Samples were taken for laboratory oil content tests. Using a computer program, a map of quality standards exceedances of soil and groundwater at the oil filling station and its vicinity was created. Results of laboratory tests of water samples are presented in tables and based on them, the classification of the underground water quality was made. Results of this study indicate a significant pollution of soil and groundwater exceeding the applicable standards. Condition of the soil and the quality of underground water in the oil filling station indicate the necessity of reparation.

15

Optimization of well placement and control to maximize CO2 trapping during geologic sequestration

Stopa J., Janiga D., Wojnarowski P., Czarnota R.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2016

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Vol. 33, no. 1

93--104

EN

The CO2 injection into geological formations such as saline aquifers can be effective method of sequestration enabling efficient immobilization of gas by surface and capillary forces. The main objective of presented method of optimization was to determine optimal well position and injection rates that maximize residual trapping. This would mitigate the risk of the CO2 leakage outside of storage zone. A genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization have been developed and coupled with reservoir simulator to optimally examine various placement and injection control strategies for vertical as well as horizontal well. Optimization was carried out in 3D heterogeneous real field model with water-CO2 -formation rock relationship. Numerical examples confirm that developed algorithm can find a promising optimal solution effectively within a partial number of simulation runs.

16

Laboratory measurement of wettability for Ciężkowice sandstone

Czarnota R., Janiga D., Stopa J., Wojnarowski P.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2016

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Vol. 33, no. 1

167--172

EN

The type of reservoir rock wettability is one of the most important factors affecting flow of formation fluids in rock pores. It impacts on the characteristics of capillary pressure curves and residual oil saturation, what result in final recovery factor. There are generally, four differ states of wettability for hydrocarbon fields. These are: water wet, oil wet, mixed and fractional. For determination of wettability both quantitative and qualitative methods are implemented. In presented work, the results of wettability laboratory measurement for Ciężkowice sandstone by Amott–Harvey has been shown. Obtained outcomes underline the influence of wettability phenomena on the recovery factor for Carpathian hydrocarbon fields, where Ciężkowice sandstone is the oil bearing formation. The proper understanding of the wettability of reservoir is essential for determining the most efficient way of oil production.

17

Directions of development of Polish gas and oil

Rychlicki S., Stopa J.

AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas

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2016

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Vol. 33, no. 2

237--243

EN

Period of 2000–2015 in exploration and production of hydrocarbons was not the most successful. The last major discovery of new reservoirs took place in the second half of 20th century and first half of 21st century, when the reservoirs of Kościan, Brońsko, BMB and LMG were discovered. Unfortunatelly, following years did not develop these significant discoveries. We can wonder if it was connected with the lack of exploration strategy, problems with financing or less availibility of discovering new reservoirs. The article presents the state of research both conventional unconventional hydrocarbon deposits and their directions of future research in Poland.

18

Możliwości zwiększenia wydobycia ropy naftowej w Polsce z zastosowaniem zaawansowanych technologii

Wojnarowski P., Stopa J, Janiga D., Kosowski P.

Polityka Energetyczna

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2015

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T. 18, z. 4

19--28

PL

Przyszłe działania krajowego przemysłu naftowego, w obliczu malejącej ilości nowych, konwencjonalnych odkryć, powinny koncentrować się na dwóch możliwych ścieżkach rozwoju: zwiększeniu produkcji z dotychczas eksploatowanych złóż dzięki zastosowaniu zaawansowanych metod wydobycia oraz rozpoczęciu eksploatacji ze złóż niekonwencjonalnych. Oba te kierunki rozwoju wymagają znacznych nakładów finansowych, a opłacalność realizowanych w ich ramach projektów inwestycyjnych uzależniona jest od warunków makroekonomicznych, w tym szczególnie cen ropy i gazu ziemnego. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono analizę możliwości aplikacji zaawansowanych metod udostępnienia i wydobycia z polskich złóż ropy naftowej. Zaprezentowano również możliwości zastosowania wybranych metod wydobycia z niekonwencjonalnego złoża ropy. Wyniki analizy pokazują, iż w warunkach polskich najszersze zastosowanie, jeśli chodzi o metody zaawansowane, znaleźć może zatłaczanie gazów w warunkach mieszania, a wśród nich zatłaczanie CO2. Dla złóż niekonwencjonalnych korzystnym rozwiązaniem może być zastosowanie wierceń kierunkowych połączonych z wieloetapowym szczelinowaniem hydraulicznym.

EN

The development of the domestic oil industry, faced with the declining number of new conventional discoveries, should focus on two possible paths: increasing production from currently operated fields through the use of advanced methods of extraction or the start of production from unconventional reservoirs. Both of these ways require substantial capital expenditures, and their profitability heavily depends on macroeconomic conditions, especially the price of crude oil and natural gas. This paper analyses the possibility of the application of advanced recovery methods which are applicable to Polish oil reservoirs. It also shows the applicability of selected methods for the extraction of unconventional oil. The results show that under Polish conditions, when it comes to conventional reservoirs, the widest prospects can be found for gas injection in mixing conditions, among them especially CO2 injection. In the case of unconventional reservoirs, the preferred solution may be the application of directional drilling combined with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing.

19

Influence of fracture-matrix interaction on thermal front movement in fractured reservoir

Siemek J., Stopa J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 4

965--969

EN

Commercial exploitation of geothermal resources requires the disposal of large volumes of cooled brine in an environmentally acceptable way. Reinjection of cooled (i.e. spent) geothermal water has become a standard reservoir management strategy. Since injected fluids are typically much colder than the reservoir rock, this strategy results in the cooling of the region around the injection wells. Injected cool water may not have sufficient residence time in the reservoir to receive enough heat from surrounding hotter rock, resulting in temperature decrease at producing wells. Usually, the energy transport in geothermal reservoirs is calculated by use of sophisticated numerical simulators. In this paper we present analytical solution of simplified model of mass and heat transfer in fractured porous medium in one dimension, assuming constant rock temperature and neglecting small-scale effect connected with dispersion and heat conduction. The solution presented in this paper is applicable if thermal capacity of rock is high but the specific area is not sufficient for instant thermal equilibrium. This approach allows for better understanding the relation between fluid movement along the fractures and heat transfer between the rock matrix and fluid. Simple numerical experiments reported in the paper have shown the importance of specific surface area of naturally fractured rock, which influences the rate of exchange of heat between the fractures and the rock matrix.

20

Szacowanie zasobów metanu pokładów węgla z wykorzystaniem modelowania matematycznego

Nawrat S., Stopa J., Napieraj S.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2015

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nr 4

3--11

PL

Metan pokładów węgla występuje w górotworze jako sorbowany i wolny. W artykule przedstawiono ocenę możliwości szacowania zasobów metanu pokładów węgla w rejonach prowadzonej eksploatacji górniczej z wykorzystaniem metod modelowania matematycznego. Przeprowadzone badania modelowe dla dwóch kopalń węgla kamiennego pozwoliły na określenie: zasobów metanu sorbowanego i wolnego, możliwości ujęcia metanu pokładów węgla otworami wykonanymi z powierzchni i wyrobisk podziemnych oraz na wyznaczenie wydatku ujmowanego gazu i czasu jego eksploatacji.

EN

Methods of mathematical modeling allow estimating coal-bed methane resources and forecasting of methane exploitation in time. The article presents the authors modeling studies using ECLIPSE software by Schlumberger GeoQuest company, defining coal-bed methane resources based on the geology of the mine, including the mining activities from past and the possibility of methane exploitation by the openings from the surface and underground workings, made for two coal mines. The studies allowed determination of the resources, and the methane exploitation in time with openings from the surface and underground excavations.