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Analiza stanu baterii akumulatorów w niskobudżetowym pojeździe elektrycznym

Nocoń Adrian, Kurek Tomasz

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 1

174--178

PL

Obecnie można obserwować stały wzrost zainteresowania elektromobilnością, w tym pojazdami niskobudżetowymi (np. klasy L2e). W części badawczej artykułu przedstawiono analizę zarejestrowanych napięć poszczególnych akumulatorów w czasie jazdy pojazdu niskobudżetowego. Analizowano wartości chwilowe napięć oraz energię wydawaną przez akumulatory dla dwóch układów zasilania pojazdu. Wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej i dokonano oceny skuteczności działania układu balansowania akumulatorów.

EN

Currently, we can observe a steady increase in interest in electromobility, including low-cost vehicles (e.g. L2e class). The research part of the paper presents an analysis of the recorded voltages of individual batteries while driving a low-budget vehicle. The instantaneous values of voltages and the energy spent by the batteries while driving for two power supply systems of the vehicle were analyzed. The results were analyzed statistically and the effectiveness of the battery balancing system was assessed.

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The use of PSS2A system stabilisers to damp electromechanical swings in medium voltage networks with distributed energy sources

Paszek Stefan, Nocoń Adrian, Pruski Piotr

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 71, nr 3

717--729

EN

In this paper, the design issue of effective damping of electromechanical swings in a medium voltage network with distributed generation by the use of a PSS2A type power system stabiliser is described. This stabiliser was installed in the generating unit with the highest rated power. Time constants of correction blocks, as well as the main gain, were determined by analyzing a single-machine system, generating unit – infinite bus. The time constants were calculated on the basis of the frequency-phase transfer functions both of the electromagnetic moment to the voltage regulator reference voltage and of the generator voltage to the voltage regulator reference voltage, under the assumption of an infinite and real value of the generating unit inertia time constant for various initial generator loads. The main stabiliser gain was calculated by analyzing the position, on the complex plane, of eigenvalues of the state matrix of the single-machine system, linearised around a steady operating point, at the changed value of this gain.

3

Multi-criteria optimization of the parameters of PSS3B system stabilizers operating in an extended power system with the use of a genetic algorithm

Nocoń Adrian, Paszek Stefan, Pruski Piotr

Archives of Control Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 32, No. 2

233--255

EN

In the paper, the application of multi-criteria optimization of the parameters of PSS3B system stabilizers to damping electromechanical swings in an extended power system (PS) is presented. The calculations of the power system stabilizer (PSS) parameters were divided into two stages. In the first stage, single-machine systems, generating unit - infinite bus, of generating units critical for the angular stability of the PS were analyzed. Time constants and preliminary values of the PSS gains were calculated. In the second stage, the main one, the main gains on which the effectiveness of operation of PSSs depends the most were calculated by multi-criteria optimization of the extended PS. The calculations were carried out in several variants: for two-dimensional objective functions and the six-dimensional objective function. In multi-criteria optimization, the solution is not one set of PSS parameters, but a set of sets of these parameters, i.e. a set of compromises that were determined for each analyzed case. Additionally, for the six-dimensional compromise set, projections of this set on the planes connected with the quantities of individual generating units and the boundary of these projections on these planes were determined. A genetic algorithm adapted to multi-criteria issues was used to minimize the multivariate objective function. Sample calculations were made for the model of the National (Polish) Power System taking into account 57 selected generating units operating in high and extra high voltage networks (220 and 400 kV). The presented calculations show that the applied multi-criteria optimization of the PSS3B stabilizer parameters allows effectively damping electromechanical swings without worsening the voltage waveforms of generating units in the extended PS.

4

Niepewność parametrów modeli matematycznych generatorów synchronicznych źródeł rozproszonych

Nocoń Adrian, Białkiewicz Piotr, Majka Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

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2019

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Nr 62

167--170

PL

Badając elektromechaniczne stany nieustalone źródeł rozproszonych może pojawić się problem braku wiarygodnych parametrów modeli matematycznych źródeł nowoprojektowanych i już działających w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Problem ten można rozwiązać uwzględniając niepewność parametrów w badaniach symulacyjnych. Niepewność tę można uwzględnić stosując symulację Monte Carlo. Jednym z warunków uzyskania wiarygodnych wyników metodą Monte Carlo jest wykorzystanie odpowiednio dobranych zakresów zmian niepewnych parametrów modeli matematycznych. W tym celu w artykule przeprowadzono analizę kart katalogowych różnych producentów generatorów synchronicznych stosowanych w źródłach rozproszonych. Dokonano analizy statystycznej parametrów i porównano je z parametrami zawartymi w literaturze i programach symulacyjnych.

EN

During the analysis of an electromechanical transient state of a distributed power system, a problem with reliabe values of the paramemters of a mathematical model of a newly designed or operating sources may occur. Solution to this problem is to include parameters’ uncertainty into the simulation process, using the Monte Carlo method. To obtain a trustworthy results of the Monte Carlo simulation, a properly selected range of the parameters' values is a key requirement. For this purpose, statistical analysis of the data sheets of various manufacturers’ synchronous generators has been carried out. Afterwards, the data sheet parameters were compared to the parameters in technical literature and simulation programs, such as SimPowerSystems and PSLF.