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Green buildings in pursuit of healthy and safe human living environment

Vranayova Zuzana, Tkachenko Tetiana, Lis Anna, Savchenko Olena, Vranay Frantisek

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2023

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Vol. 5, iss. 1

204-211

EN

Emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere resulting from the combustion of fuels in the energy production process and road traffic intensity are a key determinants of poor air quality in cities and the creation of an unfriendly environment for people to live in, which has a significant impact on their safety and health. The first step to reducing emissions is to reduce energy consumption. The ecological effect resulting from the thermal modernization of existing residential building stock was estimated. Nature-based solutions were proposed to compensate for the lost green areas in favor of gray infrastructure in the form of green roofs and walls. The possibility of improving environmental conditions by introducing this type of solutions into the urban tissue was assessed. Depending on the type of vegetation, one m2 of green cover is able to absorb an average of 2.3 kg of CO2 and 0.2 kg of particulate matter from the air per year. Renewable energy sources are an important element of green buildings. Heat pump may be the most advantageous solution in minimizing emissions combined with low operating costs. Obtaining energy from geothermal sources would be equally beneficial in terms of reducing emissions, but there are risks changes in groundwater levels or soil damage. Solar energy is one of the leading renewable energy sources, especially in hot water installations, where it is possible to reduce energy consumption by up to 50%.

2

Diagnosis of three types damages to the ventilation system

Voznyak Orest, Spodyniuk Nadiia, Sukholova Iryna, Savchenko Olena, Kasynets Mariana, Datsko Oleksandra

Diagnostyka

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2022

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Vol. 23, No. 1

art. no. 2022102

EN

The article is devoted to solving of urgent problem to eliminate damage in ventilation system. That is caused by non-adequate long range, stagnant unventilated areas in the room existance and high noise level in the premises at air distribution by swirled air flow, compact air jet, flat air stream and rectangular air jet. A noise level of air supply with swirled air flow, compact air jet, flat air jet and rectangular air stream in the room has been investigated. It is shown that in order to achieve the maximum noise level decreasing it is necessary to ensure its supply by jets, which less intensively attenuate before entering the premise working area. Results of the experimental research are presented as graphical and analytical dependences. The acoustic properties of the swirled air flow, compact air jet, flat air stream and rectangular air jet have been investigated and means of situation improving have been determined. The results of experimental research of air supply to the room are presented. It is established that with the increase of the angle of swirling plates inclination and ratio of the slit sides the air jets noise level decreases.

3

Analysis of premise infrared heating and ventilation with an exhaust outlet and flat decking air flow

Voznyak Orest, Spodyniuk Nadiia, Savchenko Olena, Dovbush Oleksandr, Kasynets Mariana, Datsko Oleksandra

Diagnostyka

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2022

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Vol. 23, No. 2

art. no. 2022207

EN

The article is devoted to solving of urgent problem to analyse energy saving effect from radiant heating and ventilation of premise with exhaust outlet and flat decking air jet. The aim of the work is analysis of energy efficiency of radiant heating systems using infrared heaters and ventilation of the premise due to the effect of a flat decking air jet on the surface of the heater; determination the amount of heat received both by flat decking air jet from the infrared heater when laying on its flat surface and amount of heat from the exhaust air entering the recuperator. Use of the infrared heaters in combination with an air distribution of the ventilation system with the flat decking air jets is effective, as it allows to achieve savings in heat load of the ventilation system in the range of 11%-19%. The amount of heat recovery of the exhaust air removed by the exhaust outlet is 30-40 W that equals 15%-20%. Saving the heat load of the ventilation system allows reducing the actual initial temperature of the tidal flat decking air jet and achieving a total saving of thermal energy of 24%-34%.

4

Analysis of air jets velocity attenuation at special initial conditions

Voznyak Orest, Spodyniuk Nadiia, Savchenko Olena, Dovbush Oleksandr, Kasynets Mariana, Datsko Oleksandra

Diagnostyka

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2022

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Vol. 23, No. 3

art. no 2022308

EN

The article is devoted to solving the significant problem of efficiency increasing of air distribution in the premise by swirl air jet. The aim of the article is to decrease coefficient of velocity attenuation due to intensification of initial turbulence of different air streams leakage from the air distributor and to obtain of analytical equations for calculation of air distribution in a room to ensure the normative indoor air parameters. Effect of flow twisting results in a reduction of the velocity attenuation coefficient by 2.4 times. The regression analysis testified that the attenuation coefficient of the swirl air jet is more affected by the angle of the twisting plates inclination and less affected by the angle of change of the air flow direction. The attenuation coefficient of all types of rectangular air jets is more influenced by the the ratio of the sides of slit b/l and the angle of change of the air flow direction is also less affected. To minimize the attenuation factor, it is effective to use air distributors at smaller swivel plates inclination angles for swirl air jets and a smaller slit size ratio for all types of rectangular air jets.

5

Possibilities of using the energy potential of geothermal waters in the case of Poland and Ukraine

Lis Anna, Savchenko Olena

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2022

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Vol. 11

181--194

EN

The development of energy based on RES is an important element of the policy of sustainable development and maintaining energy security. The difficult situation in the energy sector is turning more and more countries towards alternative energy sources. The feasibility of obtaining energy from renewable sources is linked primarily to the resources that are also economical. The main advantage of geothermal waters is that they can be used to produce heat or electricity, regardless of the time of day or climatic conditions. Data from geological research allows us to conclude that both Ukraine and Poland have favorable conditions for the use of energy from low and medium temperature geothermal waters. Ukraine is also turning to the possibility of using geothermal energy to produce electricity. Examples highlighting the possibility of using the energy potential of geothermal waters in the Lviv region and the Czestochowa poviat were presented.

6

A review of energy saving and energy effective roofings

Savchenko Olena

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo

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2021

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Z. 27 (177)

219-224

EN

This article is a systematic review of the literature on the energy efficiency and energy efficient construction of roofs. This paper considers seven types of roof, including insulated, double-skin, cool roofs, green roofs, roofs with photovoltaic panels, biosolar roof and roof ponds. The review covers the main characteristics of each roof, the reduction of heat flux and the appropriate climate for its implementation. These roofs can reduce energy consumption for cooling or heating systems. For the cold period of the year the warmed roof which reduced heat losses of the room to 70% proved to be the most effective. In hot climates the cool roof is the simplest covering, which reduces the flow of solar radiation into the room by 30%. The installation of a double-skin roof or a pond on the roof stabilizes the temperature in the room on hot days. Green roofs in hot climates can reduce the heat of solar radiation through the roof to 35%, and the presence of photovoltaic panels on the green roof can increase their efficiency by 8.3%. To increase the energy efficiency of the roof, it is advisable to combine several types of roofs.

PL

Artykuł stanowi przegląd literatury dotyczącej energooszczędnych rozwiązań konstrukcji dachów. W artykule omówiono siedem rozwiązań dachów, w tym dach izolowany, dach o podwójnej konstrukcji, dach chłodzony, dach zielony, dach z panelami fotowoltaicznymi, dach biosolarny i taras. Przegląd zawiera charakterystykę każdego dachu, redukcję strumienia ciepła oraz wskazuje warunki klimatyczne odpowiednie do zastosowania takiego rozwiązania. Zastosowanie odpowiednich rozwiązań może zmniejszy zużycie energii na chłodzenie lub ogrzewanie. W okresie zimowym najkorzystniejszy okazał się dach ocieplony, który pozwala na zmniejszenie strat ciepła do 70%. W klimacie gorącym najlepszym rozwiązaniem jest powłoka chłodząca, która ogranicza dopływ promieniowania słonecznego do pomieszczenia o 30%. Zastosowanie dachu podwójnego lub tarasu pozwala na stabilizację temperatury w pomieszczeniu w upalne dni. Zielone dachy w gorącym klimacie mogą zmniejszyć ciepło promieniowania słonecznego przez dach do 35%, a obecność paneli fotowoltaicznych może podnieść ich wydajność o 8,3%. Aby zwiększyć efektywność energetyczną dachu, zaleca się łączenie kilku rodzajów dachów.

7

Analysis of the influence of the heat-absorbing surface of an air-cooled solar collector on its thermal and mechanical properties

Zhelykh Vasyl, Ulewicz Małgorzata, Kozak Krystyna, Savchenko Olena, Kasynets Mariana

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2019

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Vol. 1, nr 1

481--489

EN

This paper presents the analysis of existing forms of heat absorbing surfaces of air solar collectors, which gained the greatest popularity in the world. The obtained data allowed to conclude that there is a need for the development of solar collectors with air as a coolant with an improved form of heat absorber, which will reduce the operational and capital costs of solar systems and allow the efficient use of such structures in a moderate climate without additional mechanisms for the transfer of coolant. The use of computer simulation helped to compare the thermal characteristics of air-borne solar collectors of a different design. The substantiation of the expediency of installing as a heat absorber of flow turbulators in the form of a screw has been fulfilled, as well as the height of the air channel of the solar collector has been determined, in which the maximum heating of the transfer medium is observed. In addition, the loss of pressure in the air channel of the solar collector with flow turbulators was determined and the comparison of the obtained data with the values of pressure losses in the air collector of the matrix type and the air collector with V-shaped ribs was made.