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Use of recreational park bio-waste as locally available energy resource

Długoński A., Szumański M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2016

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Vol. 23, nr 3

265--274

EN

Biomass is the oldest and third in terms of volume renewable energy source. Biomass produced by recreational parks is organic matter (fresh of dry) produced by plants as a consequence of their normal growth. Plant waste (bio-waste) produced mainly due to leaf abscission in autumn and during maintenance works are generally transported outside park area. This results in a loss of potential profit for the manager/owner of the site. Bio-waste may be stored in composting plants or incinerated in on-site incineration plants producing energy for the park (and its environs) and thus contributing to energetic self-sufficiency of the park. The aim of this article is to estimate biomass volume available in selected Lodz city parks for use in energy production.

PL

Biomasa to najstarsze i trzecie co do wielkości na świecie naturalne odnawialne źródło energii. Biomasę parków wypoczynkowych stanowi substancja organiczna (w postaci świeżej lub suchej) powstająca podczas naturalnego rozwoju roślin na obszarze parku. Pozostałości roślinne (bioodpady) nagromadzone głównie podczas jesiennego opadu liści i prowadzonych zabiegów pielęgnacyjnych w parku są przeważnie wywożone poza jego teren. Taka sytuacja wiąże się utratą potencjalnych dóbr dla zarządcy/właściciela terenu. Bioodpady mogą być magazynowane w kompostownikach lub spalane w spalarniach na miejscu, wytwarzając energię dla parku (jak i otoczenia) i przyczyniając się w ten sposób do samowystarczalności parku pod względem energetycznym. Artykuł zawiera szacunkowe obliczenia dotyczące możliwości pozyskania biomasy na cele energetyczne na przykładzie wybranych parków Łodzi.

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Przegląd umocowanych prawnie mierników jakości krajobrazu

Giedych R., Szumański M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2003

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nr 1-2

88-99

EN

Query of currently binding legal regulations in Poland indicated a lack of legal concretisation of the landscape idea - which could mean that in consequence it is impossible to describe values of landscape. However by affinity of the idea of landscape with the idea of environment it is possible to describe selected components of landscape common for both ideas according to the rules included in legal acts. For such can be recognized: fossils, soils, waters, air, plants and animals. The above mentioned list of full power landscape components, by colligation of the ideas of landscape and environment, indicates that in the Polish legal system mainly legal entries regarding natural landscape components can found. An analysis of the content of selected legal regulations regarding landscape components specified above demonstrated that their legal concretisation is performed by variously apprehended ways in the description of their different characteristics. The way of describing as well as the choice of characteristics indicate that in Polish law regulations, value of the landscape is vastly perceived, in the opinion of the authors in the three variants of quality are outlined as: natural value of landscape, landscape utility value and landscape lost value. The above mentioned values are described in analysed regulations with application of various measures taking the form of either a condition, standard, norm, specification, parameter or lastly tarificator. The identification of types of measures applied to the description of landscape value in currently binding regulations, although preliminary, indicates a clear tendency of diffraction in their use depending on the type of defined value of landscape.

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Park Kultury Ekologicznej

Szumański M.

Architektura Krajobrazu

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2001

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nr 1

46-46