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2 2010

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Looking for gas in all the tight places

Davis T. L.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2010

nr 170 wyd. konferencyjne

37--41

Multicomponent seismic data are used to illustrate that sweet spots of high permeability can be identified in a tight gas sand play in western Colorado. These sweet spots coincide with low clay content, high secondary porosity and natural fractures. In addition, the same technology can be used to investigate seal integrity in the petroleum system.

Geophysical prospecting: dynamic reservoir characterization and time-lapse multicomponent seismology for reservoir monitoring

Roche S. L., Davis T. L.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2010

nr 170 wyd. konferencyjne

49--70

Applying dynamic reservoir characterization techniques requires integrating the geologic framework of the reservoir, the reservoir processes of manipulating the fluids and pressures within the reservoir and the anticipated seismic response observed over time using surface seismic data. It is useful to gain an appreciation of general seismology in order to relate the seismic measurements to the reservoir under study. In the following sections, we present basic seismic theory, the relation to the reservoir through rock physics, and then increase the complexity of seismic theory to approach a realistic view of the reservoir framework and conditions. Being able to predict, or reservoir processes, the elastic seismic response to a given reservoir state allows us to invert an observed seismic response to the actual reservoir conditions. Repeated measurements over time provide the dynamic aspect of reservoir characterization, allowing prediction of future reservoir performance. In "Multicomponent seismology — part I", we introduce elastic wave propagation, relating the stress and strain of a propagating seismic wave, the stiffness tensor, the wave equation and elastic wave modes in isotropic media. Simple half-space models shows changes in P- and S-wave reflectivity due to changing fluid types in porous sandstone. Generally speaking, many reservoir time-lapse seismic signatures associated with compressibility changes in the bulk rock properties can be modeled using basic, isotropic assumptions. Examples include replacing a compressible fluid with an incompressible fluid such as a reservoir producing high GOR oil with strong water drive or water injection support. A second example would be heavy oil production using steam-assisted gravity drainage. In both of these cases, changes in bulk rock compressibility are the dominant variation over time, observable using P-wave time-lapse seismic data.