This article is an introduction to the DESSEV (DEcision Support System regarding the risk of Epidemic threats on a sea-going Vessel) project implemented as part of the Erasmus+ partnership under the leadership of the Maritime University of Szczecin. This project consists of three elements: a data repository, a rule base and a decision support system. Due to the schedule of works in the project, only the first of them was presented. The next ones will be described in subsequent publications at various international conferences. The idea of the project naturally resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, but other infectious outbreaks may also occur on sea vessels, posing a threat to the ship's crew and passengers (passenger transport). The existing legal regulations, available knowledge or training do not sufficiently address the problem of the epidemic on the state. Therefore, it was decided to introduce a novelty - a decision support system, which is designed to facilitate taking the right steps in the event of an infectious disease on a seagoing vessel.
This article presents the results of the works of the PROMETHEAS project, which focuses on the mental health of sea workers. This project is carried out at the Maritime University of Szczecin and brings together a consortium of various maritime institutions from Slovenia, Greece, Spain, Finland and Great Britain. PROMETHEAS aims to provide tools for assessing the mental health of sea workers that can be used by professionals and stakeholders alike. The most important ones will include an application for mobile systems (Android, iOS) and an online and offline e-learning course.
A process is an ordered set of related activities taking place in a given time. Processes are present in all branches of the economy, engineering, science, etc. Due to the huge amount of data produced the rapid development of data mining techniques has been observed. Similar methods are also used in the context of processes and are called process mining. The main task of process mining is to create a process model, which is used to reason about the process and to make decisions inside it. The process model may be used to discuss responsibilities, simulations, predictions, etc. The main data structures in process mining are event logs. It is always very important to have correct data which makes creating a reliable process model possible. In this paper the basic guidelines for recording such event logs have been described and conclusions were drawn. The main focus of this research was transport problems.
Proces wyboru drogi w obszarze ograniczonym wymaga znajomości nie tylko samego obszaru, ale także bieżącego oraz przyszłego położenia innych poruszających się w nim obiektów. Zagadnienie to jest stosunkowo proste w przypadku gdy śledzone obiekty nie zmieniają kierunku ruchu oraz prędkości. Często jednak śledzone obiekty manewrują, co skutkuje koniecznością korekty wyznaczonej trajektorii obiektu własnego. Takie informacje pozwalają na minimalizację ryzyka ewentualnej kolizji. Jest to istotne zarówno ze względów bezpieczeństwa jak i z uwagi na czynniki ekonomiczne. W niniejszym artykule zaproponowano algorytm detekcji zmian kierunku ruchu oraz prędkości śledzonego obiektu. Proponowane w artykule rozwiązania są rozwinięciem poprzednich badań uwzględniających poszukiwanie optymalnej trasy obiektu na obszarze ograniczonym. Autorzy proponują tu algorytm dla zastosowań w systemach wspomagania decyzji dla nawigacji morskiej, ale może być on z powodzeniem zastosowany również w innych obszarach transportu.
EN
The process of choosing a trajectory in a restricted area requires knowing not only the area itself, but also the current and future location of other objects moving within it. This issue is relatively simple in case when the objects being tracked do not change the direction of movement and speed. Often, however, the objects being tracked have a nuanced effect, which results in the necessity to correct the determined trajectory of the own object. Such information allows to minimize the risk of a possible collision. This is important both for security reasons and due to economic factors. This article proposes an algorithm for the detection of changes in the direction of motion and the speed of the object being tracked. The solutions proposed in the article are a development of previous studies, including the search for the optimal object route in a restricted area. The authors propose an algorithm for applications in decision support systems for sea navigation, but it can also be successfully used in other areas of transport.
Wydajność transportu pasażerskiego w tym lotnictwa cywilnego, jest kluczowa dla światowej gospodarki. Jednym z głównych czynników oceny linii lotniczych przez pasażerów jest punktualność. Należy tu uwzględnić również fakt, że sieć połączeń między lotniskami na całym świecie jest niezwykle skomplikowana. Powyższe fakty prowadzą do wniosku, że można stworzyć narzędzie, które pomoże pasażerom planować ich podróż w sposób optymalny. W niniejszym artykule do analizy ponad 7 milionów lotów na terenie Stanów Zjednoczonych, zastosowano reguły asocjacyjne. Dane pozyskano z Departamentu Transportu USA i obejmują one loty, które odbyły się w 2008 roku.
EN
The efficiency of air passenger transport in world's economy is crucial. For this kind of flights, one of the most important features is punctuality. The network of connections between the airports, very often is significantly complicated. It leads to the conclusion that there is a need to do some research in this field which will help the passengers to plan their optimal journeys. In this paper one of the data mining techniques (association rules) was applied to the analysis of flights' delays. The data consists of over 7 millions records was taken from the US Department of Transportation (year 2008) [2]. Then the research was carried out and conclusions were described.
Clusterization is one of the data mining techniques which is responsible for classifying data. Selection of the proper parameters leads to some desired clusters behavior. Th is fact can be used in detecting the restricted areas for ships and other units. Th e allowed area can be marked as a data cluster and vice versa. Th e other advantage is the fact that each cluster consists of the set of points which can be used to fi nd the shortest path in given area. In this paper the use of clusterization in detecting restricted areas is described. Few methods are analyzed and the conclusions presented.
The eXtensible Event Stream (XES) format is a new approach to illustrate the process data. Every ship journey is a sequence of some activities which can be read using different sources of data such ARPA, AIS etc. So we can say that this is a kind of process and its data can be organized in ordered and simple form. The most popular data formats to show the process data were of course XML and CSV. Currently, we can observe huge progress in the domain of process mining. Every year, new tools appeared and the need for some data standard became necessary. This standard is called Extensible Event Stream. In this paper, the use of XES format in navigational data is described.
W artykule omówiona została koncepcja zastosowania technik rozpoznawania mowy w systemie zarządzania zdarzeniami radiokomunikacyjnymi (Radiocommunication Events Management System - REMS), którego zadaniem jest proces wspomagania podejmowania decyzji przez operatorów urządzeń radiokomunikacyjnych GMDSS na statkach morskich. Przeprowadzono eksperymenty na stanowisku laboratoryjnym, co zaowocowało wnioskami.
EN
In this paper an idea of speech recognition in Radio Events Management System is described. REMS can be used as a tool for supporting the decisions of GMDSS devices operators on marine vessels. Some experiments in artificial conditions were carried out and the results are described.
In this paper the use of alpha algorithm in modeling of the ship’s route is described. Based on event log obtained from real data, a Petri net was created. This model let us to review the whole process of the ship’s route and take some interesting observations.
Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na problemie wsparcia operacyjnego w procesach transportowych. Jest on rozwinięciem prac prowadzonych na Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie prowadzonych w kierunku optymalizacji trasy statku na akwenie ograniczonym. Dotychczas zadanie to sprowadzano do rozwiązania problemu w sensie geometrycznym. Należy jednak zauważyć, że proces transportowy i jego optymalizacja to nie tylko znalezienie najkrótszej drogi, najniższych kosztów itp. Aby zapewnić wymaganą optymalność należy również zapewnić odpowiednie wsparcie operacyjne, polegające na detekcji zaistniałych problemów, dokonywaniu prognoz czy wydawaniu odpowiednich zaleceń. Zwykłe techniki związane z analizą danych takie jak data mining czy Business Intelligence skupiają się na opisie systemu, ale nie analizują związku przyczynowo-skutkowego, który doprowadził do określonego stanu. Odpowiedzią jest tutaj process mining.
EN
This paper focuses on the operational support in transport processes. This is an extension of researches that have been carried out at the Maritime University of Szczecin in the area of optimization of the ship route in restricted area. Until now this problem has been only considered as a geometrical one, but it has to be clear that to ensure the optimal path, optimal transport costs etc. it is necessary to keep the operational support such detection, prediction and recommendations. Usual data processing techniques such data mining or Business Intelligence focus only on the simplified description of the system, but don't analyze the whole process which has lead to the current state of the system. Here the process mining will be the answer.
Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje koncepcję wizualizacji danych z AIS na potrzeby nawigatora. Omówiono w nim krótki zarys problemu i zaproponowano rozwiązanie. Przedstawiono również przykłady wykorzystywania AIS w innych aplikacjach. Proponowane podejście pozwala na dalszą analizę, a także stanowi punkt wyjścia dla projektantów interfejsów użytkownika dla systemów wspomagania decyzji. Ocena wizualna danych z AIS może się okazać bardzo przydatna i to również zostało uzasadnione w przedstawionym artykule.
EN
In this paper a conception of visualization of AIS data is described. The problem was introduced and the solution was proposed. The other examples of applications was presented. This approach lets to do some further research, and becomes a start point for GUI designers in decision support systems. The visual assessment of AIS data is very useful what was also justified in this paper.
In this paper an algorithm of finding the optimal path of an object in restricted area, focusing on the position prediction, is presented. Moving in the restricted area requires not only the knowledge of this area, but also the current and future position of other objects present in it. These informations let to minimalize the possible collision risk. It’s significant not only due to the safety, but also to the economic factors. This approach is the further development of the investigations in the area of finding the optimal path in restricted area, carried out at the Maritime University of Szczecin. The authors propose the algorithm for the use in the decision support systems in maritime navigation, but it could be also applied in the other areas of transport.
The shortest path problem is one of the most significant ones in the field of maritime navigation. One of the most efficient algorithms was proposed by E. Dijkstra in 1959. Taking into account the development of computer technology was offered another interesting approach to the issue. The main idea is to execute the shortest path algorithm simultaneously forward from the source and backward from the target. The results are presented and discussed.
Podstawowym celem systemów informatycznych w transporcie jest wspomaganie procesu przemieszczenia ładunku lub ludzi z punktu początkowego do punktu docelowego. Poza typowymi funkcjami związanymi z informatyczną obsługą przedsiębiorstwa, istnieje szereg metod wspomagających np. dobór optymalnej trasy dla środka transportu. Trasa optymalna to taka, której koszt (uwzględniając nie tylko odległość, ale także i inne czynniki) jest możliwie jak najmniejszy. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione są wyniki dotychczasowych prac prowadzonych w tym zakresie na Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie.
EN
The main task of the information systems in transport is supporting the process of the movement of cargo and people from the departure point to the destination. Besides the typical ERP functions, these systems have also some tools like searching for the optimal route etc. The optimal route is when it’s total cost (considering different factors) is minimal. In this paper the results of experiments carried out at The Maritime University of Szczecin are described.
This paper presents one of the approaches to solve the collision problem in restricted area for two moving objects using artificial intelligence (SACO algorithm). Although AI should be used only when the classic methods fail, a simple comparison between them is very interesting. As we know the main task of navigation is to conduct safely an object from the point of departure to destination. This problem does not seem easy, especially if we consider the movement in restricted areas such narrow passages, ports etc.
In this paper, two different shortest path routing algorithms in respect of basic navigation problems are discussed. First of them is a “state of art” in computer science – well known Dijkstra algorithm. The second one is a method based on artificial intelligence – simplified ant colony optimization proposed originally by Marco Dorigo. Author used both ways to find an optimal / suboptimal route for a ship in a restricted area. Results showed the advantages and disadvantages of both algorithms in simple static navigation situations.
PL
W artykule omówiono dwa różne algorytmy poszukiwania najkrótszej drogi w odniesieniu do zagadnień nawigacji. Pierwszym z nich jest algorytm Dijkstry, stanowiący podstawę rozwiązywania tego typu problemów. Drugi to metoda bazująca na sztucznej inteligencji – uproszczony algorytm mrówkowy, zaproponowany przez Marco Dorigo. Autor używał obu sposobów w celu uzyskania optymalnej, bądź suboptymalnej trasy dla statku na akwenie ograniczonym. Rezultaty badań pokazały korzyści i wady ze stosowania obu rozwiązań w prostych sytuacjach nawigacyjnych.
This paper presents the possiblities of the use of the shortest path in the graph algorithms in ship’s safe route choice process in a restricted area. To create a graph, a trapezoidal mesh based on the S-57 digital map data was used. Numerical experiments were carried out and their results are discussed.
The main task of each navigator is to conduct safely the ship from the point of departure to destination. Although there are many different solutions of this problem, it's still necessary to carry out further research. This is dictated by the specific requirements that are specified, for example by the dynamics of the ship's own or reservoir characteristics. This article presents a short review of different methods such Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Floyd or A* algorithms applied to navigation problems. Besides some alternative methods based on artificial intelligence are mentioned. At the end a comparison of these solutions showed the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
The article presents the problem of choosing a safe route of an object in a restricted area. The ant algorithm is implemented to solve the problem. The presented methodology involves graph design for this algorithm using quad trees. Based on the route planning method developed, a numerical experiment was made and its results are discussed in this paper.
W artykule przedstawiono system wykrywania obiektów technicznych, przeznaczony do badań głębokowodnych, z pojazdem głębinowym o nazwie KRAB – nośnikiem aparatury. Omówiono charakterystykę systemu i uwarunkowania techniczne dotyczące jego bilansu energetycznego. Rozważania te stanowią podstawę do optymalizacji układu zasilającego pod kątem wprowadzenia nowych alternatywnych źródeł zasilania. Pozwoli to na minimalizację przekroju kabli zasilających wchodzących w skład kabloliny łączącej pojazd głębinowy ze stacją kontroli.
EN
Underwater system of detecting technical objects is presented in the article. The system contains a deepwater carrier of apparatus named KRAB. Characteristics and technical conditions referring to his energy balance is discussed. Presented analysis is a base for optimization of energy supply system aiming at application a new alternative energy source. It makes possible to minimize a cross-section of energy supply cables in umbilical connecting the vehicle and control station.
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