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1

Study on Underwater Explosive Welding of Al-Steel Coaxial Pipes

Yu Y., Ma H., Zhao K., Shen Z., Cheng Y.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2017

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Vol. 14, no. 1

251--265

EN

In order to solve the aluminum surface ablation issue of Al-Steel bimetallic pipes manufactured by the explosive welding technique, a novel explosive welding system has been designed to weld Al-Steel coaxial pipes. The stand-off distance was chosen according to an empirical formula. A special Explosive Cord with an aluminum coating was used as the explosive. Four experiments were performed using Explosive Cords 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In each experiment, three reliable PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) piezoelectric film sensors were used to sample the impact pressure between the parent pipe and the flyer pipe along the detonation direction. p-t Curves were obtained at different points on the bimetallic pipe manufactured by Explosive Cord 1. In order to observe the inner surface and to judge the bonding interface, specimens were cut along the axial direction. BSE (Backscattering Electron) images of the interfaces were obtained. According to these pictures from all of the specimens cut along the axial direction, the surface ablation phenomenon has disappeared. The bimetallic pipe manufactured by the new welding system using Explosive Cord 3 has an irregular wavy interface, between micro and small wavy interface, which is one of the best bonding forms.

2

The Effect of the Energetic Additive Coated MgH2 on the Power of Emulsion Explosives Sensitized by Glass Microballoons

Cheng Y., Wang Q., Liu F., Ma H., Shen Z., Guo Z., Liu R.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 3

705--713

EN

Traditional emulsion explosives, in spite of excellent water resistance, safe handling and good storage performance, have low power problems which seriously hinders their use. In order to improve the power of emulsion explosives, a hydrogen based emulsion explosive was devised. Scanning electron microscope pictures and experimental storage results show that the coating effect and stability of coated magnesium hydride (MgH2) are very good. The power of an emulsion explosive sensitized by glass microballoons was significantly increased (24.30 mm compression of lead block) after adding coated MgH2, compared to only 16.10 mm compression when not added. Thus emulsion explosives with coated MgH2 as an energetic additive have many potential applications.

3

Temperature field analysis of optical coatings induced by millisecond and nanosecond lasers

Wang B, Qin Y, Ni X, Shen Z, Lu J, Wang X

Optica Applicata

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2012

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Vol. 42, nr 4

783--793

EN

To study the differences between long-pulse and short-pulse laser-induced damage in optical dielectric thin films, temperature distributions in single-layer HfO2 films, multi-layer HfO2/SiO2 films, and HfO2 films with high-absorptive inclusions induced by 1 ms and 10 ns lasers are analyzed based on the temperature field theory. Through our calculations, the damage property differences between millisecond and nanosecond lasers are summarized. The results for single-layer films show that 1 ms laser is easier to damage the substrate than 10 ns laser. For multi-layer films, the laser field effect is weaker when irradiating by 1 ms laser. Furthermore, when inclusions are introduced, the film is easier to be damaged by 10 ns laser, which means that 10 ns laser is more sensitive to the inclusions.

4

High temperature mechanical spectroscopy of α-SiAlON ceramics with different N/O ratios

Mazaheri M., Mari D., Schaller R., Yanbing C., Shen Z.

Materiały Ceramiczne

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2010

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T. 62, nr 3

280-282

EN

High temperature mechanical properties of the silicon nitride based ceramics (such as SiAlON) depend highly on the formation of the grain boundary glassy phase obtained from sintering. In the present study, in order to investigate the effect of grain boundary chemistry and the N/O ratio on the chemical composition of α-SiAlON, the raw powders were hot-pressed for 4h at 2073 K under a pressure of 35 MPa, using two different sintering aids (Y3+ and Yb3+), both with the oxygen rich (Y2O3 and Yb2O3) and the nitrogen rich (YN and YbN) compounds. The mechanical spectroscopy investigations of Y-SiAlON show a relaxation peak related to the glassy phase located on the triple-point junctions at around 1250 K. In the case of Yb-SiAlON, on the contrary, the absence of relaxation peaks stems from the very low content of glassy phase, together with the presence of elongated grains. In addition, the lower height of mechanical loss peaks in nitrogen rich Y-SiAlON samples versus oxygen rich ones is related to the substitution of oxygen by nitrogen in the [SiO4] tetrahedral network that leads to a higher bond density in the glassy phase and high viscosity of the glassy phase at high temperatures.

PL

Wysokotemperaturowe właściwości mechaniczne ceramiki bazującej na azotku krzemu (takiej jak SiAlON) bardzo zależą od właściwości fazy szklistej powstającej w granicach międzyziarnowych podczas spiekania. W prezentowanej pracy, aby zbadać wpływ chemii granicy międzyziarnowej i stosunku N/O na skład chemiczny α-SiAlON’u, surowe proszki prasowano na gorąco w temperaturze 2073 K przez 4 h pod ciśnieniem 35 MPa, wykorzystując dwa różne dodatki ułatwiające spiekanie: Y(3+) i Yb(3+), obydwa w postaci związków albo bogatych w tlen (Y2O3 i Yb2O3), albo bogatych w azot (YN i YbN). Badania Y-SiAlON, wykonane z pomocą spektroskopii mechanicznej, pokazują pik relaksacyjny związany z fazą szklistą umiejscowioną w punktach potrójnych połączenia ziaren w temperaturze około 1250 K. W przypadku Yb-SiAlON’u absencja pików relaksacyjnych wynika z bardzo małej zawartości fazy szklistej razem z obecnością wydłużonych ziaren. Dodatkowo, mniejsza wysokość pików strat mechanicznych w próbkach Y-SiAlON bogatych w azot, w przeciwieństwie do próbek bogatych w tlen, związana jest z podstawieniem tlenu przez azot w sieci tetraedrów [SiO4], co prowadzi do większej gęstości wiązań w fazie szklistej i większej lepkości tej fazy w wysokich temperaturach.

5

RRT-based trajectory design for autonomous automobiles and spacecraft

Cheng P., Shen Z., LaValle S.

Archives of Control Sciences

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2001

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Vol. 11, no. 3/4

167-194

EN

This paper considers the design of open loop control laws for nonlinear systems that are subject to nonconvex state space constraints. The focus is on finding feasible trajectories for two challenging sets of nonlinear systems: 1) the determination of automobile trajectories through obstacle courses; 2) the design of re-entry trajectories for a reusable launch vehicle model based on the NASA X33 prototype. Our algorithms are based on rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs) that incrementally explore the state space while satisfying both the global constraints imposed by obstacles and velocity bounds and differential constraints imposed by the equations of motion. The method is particularly suited for high-dimensional problems in which classical numerical approaches such as dynamic programming cannot be applied in practice. Our algorithms for trajectory design have been implemented and evaluated on several challenging examples, which are presented in the paper.