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Changes in the Agroclimatic Areas of Slovakia in 1961–2020

Kišš Vladimír, Minárik Martin, Čimo Ján, Tárník Andrej, Mikulová Katarína

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

293--300

EN

The World Meteorological Organisation predicts an increase in average annual temperature. As a result of climate change in Slovakia, one can expect changes in the distribution of precipitation and moisture availability, changes in the temperature availability of crop production, changes in wintering conditions, and many others. The aim of this work was the analysis of agroclimatic indicators for the period 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The results showed an increase in the sums of temperatures in the growing season. Also, the increase in temperature resulted in a change in the zones of the agroclimatic indicator of moisture and the agroclimatic indicator of wintering. The zones have been shifting to higher altitudes throughout Slovakia.

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Impact of climate change on vegetation period of basic species of vegetables in Slovakia

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Kišš Vladimír, Toková Lucia

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2020

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no. 47

38--46

EN

The aim of the paper is to provide climatic data from the basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state and in terms of trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. Climate change affect agriculture and its procedures. Changes in vegetation period in Slovakia of selected vegetables are presented in this study. We used for agro-climatic analysis one hundred climatological stations, which were selected to cover all agricultural regions up to 800 m a.s.l. Actual data and predictions were compared with time period 1961–2010. Due to homogeneity in data measurements, was chosen this period. We obtained climate trends and assumed map outputs of future climate changes by mathematical-statistical methods for horizons of years 2011–2020, 2041–2050, 2071–2080 and 2091–2100. We analysed vegetation period changes of selected fruit vegetables, Brassica vegetables and root vegetable in field conditions with prediction to year 2100. In our results is shown the earlier beginning of vegetation period in a spring and later end in an autumn in last 30 years. The vegetation period is getting longer about 15–20 days for Capsicum annuum; 15–20 days for Brassica oleracea var. capitate; 10–15 days for Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris with comparation of nowadays situation and period 2091–2100.

3

Composition of the Separated Green Waste in Rural and Urban Area

Báreková Anna, Tátošová Lucia, Kišš Vladimír, Kováčová Martina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 5

234--239

EN

The municipalities in Slovakia have a duty to separate biodegradable municipal waste (BDMW) from family houses. This duty can be achieved by home composting or by collection of green waste in bio-bins, which are regularly emptied by a collection company. The collected waste is recycled in a composting plant. The conducted research was focused on identifying the composition of the collected green waste and comparing the environmental behaviour of residents in villages and towns. The analyses conducted showed that the separated BDMW from the urban population has a higher rate of contamination, but a lower rate of compostable kitchen waste compared to the residents in villages.

4

Climate Conditions Impact on the Sap Flow Into Plants and Their Dendrometric Changes

Báreková Anna, Bárek Viliam, Kováčová Martina, Novotná Beáta, Kišš Vladimír

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

224--228

EN

Water stress is an indicator that plant are suffering from drought. For optimization of the crop production is necessary to indicate physiological changes, those can be represented by stem expansion or shrinkage and sap flow rate. We used the Dynagage SGA5-WS (Dynamax) sensors for the sap flow monitoring and the sensors Diameter Dendrometer Small (Ecomatik) for measuring branches diameter changes in our research. The research was realized during two seasons, in the summer (from 31st July to 14th August 2018) and in the spring (from 27th March to 14th April 2019). The subject in our research were walnut trees (Juglans regia) situated in the private orchard in Nové Zámky area in Slovak Republic. The sap flow values in summer were on average range of 90 g•h-1, with maximum measured values above 160 g•h-1 measured after the precipitation events. After increasing of soil moisture on 1st and 2nd August 2018, it was detected the branches diameter expansion up to 0.05 mm. However, the other spring values were much lower. The sap flow reached less than 35 g•h-1 what was one third values in summer 2018. This phenomenon is a result of the low transpiration intensity of transpiration or a leafless state of trees. Although the changes in diameter were not significant in the early vegetation stage, there were monitored some fluctuation causing the diameter was shrinked by 0.2 mm due to a negative average air temperature.

5

Change in Temperature Conditions of Slovakia to the Reference Period 1961-2010 and their Expected Changes to Time Horizons Years 2035, 2050, 2075 and 2100 under the Conditions of Changing Climate

Čimo Ján, Šinka Karol, Novotná Beáta, Tárník Andrej, Aydin Elena, Toková Lucia, Kišš Vladimír, Kotuš Tatijana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

232--240

EN

The purpose of the paper was to show cognition from the theory of climate change. The map outputs of these changes offer the climate data from basic elements and characteristics of the energy balance in terms of the current state as well as the trends and assumptions of their future changes in Slovakia. For these agroclimatic analyses, 100 climatic stations in Slovakia spread out to cover all agricultural regions, up to 800 m above sea level, have been selected. Our analyses are related to the period of years 1961–2010, when measurements and observations were the most homogeneous. The future trends and map outputs of future climate change were determined with the mathematic-statistical methods to the 2035, 2050, 2075and 2100-year horizons. This study presents the impact of the climate change on the temperature conditions in Slovakia. The temperature changes (average, maximum and minimum temperature) were analysed with forecasts up to year 2100. The forecasts for the 2100-year horizon indicate increasing of the average annual temperature on average by about 2.0°C, maximum temperature on average by about 2.0°C and minimum temperature on average by about 2.5–3°C in comparison to the present.

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Monitoring of the Dendrometric Changes Influenced by Soil Water Content

Kišš Vladimír, Bárek Viliam, Novotná Beáta, Tátošová Lucia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 1

34--38

EN

Drought is generally associated with the persistence of low precipitation amount, decreased soil moisture and water availability relative to the normal levels in a designated area. The effects of drought, range from the morphological to molecular levels, and are evident at all phenological stages of the plant growth, at whatever stage the water deficit occurs. Determination of the surface water demands for irrigation purposes comes out from the assumption of hydrologic processes stationarity. This paper shows our research prerequisite that water stress participates in an important part on the volume changes of over ground parts, which is predictive for the irrigation demand. Malus domestica var. Yellow Transparent was chosen for the measurement of volume changes of the surface plant parts. Our measurements were realised by the Diameter dendrometer small (DD-S) from 24.08. to 13.09.2017. One tree was irrigated by the dose of 50 mm. We compared the dendrometric changes to soil moisture and rainfall on both irrigated and non-irrigated trees. The experiment showed the differences between the irrigated apple tree (the diameters of the branches fluctuated between 11.9 and 12.1 mm) and the non-irrigated apple tree (the diameter of the branches increased after three-day rain from 8.35 to 8.61 mm), in order to determine the water stress of plants based on dendrometric changes and optimize irrigation during the drought period.