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Wpływ modernizacji oświetlenia zewnętrznego na potencjalny wzrost jasności nocnego nieba

Tabaka Przemysław, Kołomański Sylwester

Energetyka

2024

nr 5

209--212

Jednym z niepożądanych skutków ubocznych oświetlenia zewnętrznego jest wzrost jasności nocnego nieba. Zjawisko to powoduje poważne utrudnienia w prowadzeniu obserwacji astronomicznych. Ponadto negatywnie wpływa ono na to, jak ogół społeczeństwa postrzega nocne niebo, które jest dziedzictwem kulturowym ludzkości. Proces sukcesywnego zastępowania w oświetleniu zewnętrznym lamp wyładowczych źródłami LED może mieć znaczący wpływ na to zjawisko. W celu oceny ilościowej przeprowadzona została analiza wpływu źródeł LED na postrzeganą okiem jasność nocnego nieba. Wyniki wskazują, że większość źródeł LED prowadzi do postrzeganej zwiększenia jasności nieba w stosunku do lamp sodowych. Wyjątek stanowią źródła LED o CCT < 3000 K, które pozwalają zachować nocne niebo w stanie nie gorszym od obecnego.

One of the adverse effects of external lighting is the increase in the brightness of the night sky. This phenomenon causes serious difficulties in conducting astronomical observations. Furthermore, it negatively affects how society as a whole perceives the night sky, which is a cultural heritage of humanity. The process of progressively replacing discharge lamps in outdoor lighting with LED sources may have a significant impact on this phenomenon. In order to assess it quantitatively, an analysis of the impact of LED sources on the perceived brightness of the night sky was conducted. The results indicate that most LED sources lead to increase of a perceived brightness of the sky compared to sodium lamps. An exception is LED sources with CCT < 3000 K, which allow the night sky to be preserved in a state no worse than the current one.

Influence of replacing discharge lamps with LED sources in outdoor lighting installations on astronomical observations

Tabaka Przemysław, Kołomański Sylwester

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

2023

Vol. 71, nr 6

art. no. e147915

Light pollution has a detrimental effect on astronomy. Artificial light emitted from outdoor lighting increases the brightness of the night sky, making it difficult to observe astronomical objects. The spectral power distribution of artificial light sources is one of the key factors determining how much the night sky is deteriorated by light pollution. The ongoing replacement of discharge lamps with LED sources may have a major impact on astronomy because LED spectra usually cover the entire visible radiation range. This paper provides an analysis of the impact of LED sources with correlated color temperature in the range from 1000 K to approximately 10 000 K on visual and instrumental astronomical observations. For each analyzed artificial source, the Starlight Contamination Degree (SCD) index, i.e. a quantity that allows for quick evaluation of the impact of the sources on the night sky, is calculated. The reflection of artificial light from different ground surfaces and its scattering in the atmosphere was included in the calculation of the SCD index. LED lamps with very low values of correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) were found to possibly have a similar or even smaller impact on astronomical observations than sodium discharge lamps. Moreover, professional astronomical observations are more affected by LED lamps than visual observations, even for lamps with the lowest CCT and CRI. Thus, additional measures (e.g. reducing lumen output) should be applied to protect observational conditions. The results of the study help to assess which LED lamps can be used, and which should be avoided in the protection zones around astronomical observing sites.