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Prediction of groundwater contamination in an open landfill area using a novel hybrid clustering-based AI model

Singh Prachi, Mahor Vikas, Lakshmaiya Natrayan, Shanker Kandukuri, Kaliappan Seeniappan, Muthukannan Muthiah, Rajendran Gopinath

Environment Protection Engineering

2024

Vol. 50, nr 1

105--122

Groundwater is a vital resource that provides drinking water to over half of the world's population. However, groundwater contamination has become a serious issue due to human activities such as industrialization, agriculture, and improper waste disposal. The impacts of groundwater contamination can be severe, including health risks, environmental damage, and economic losses. A list of unknown groundwater contamination sources has been developed for the Wang-Tien landfill using a groundwater modeling system (GMS). Further, AI-based models have been developed which accurately predict the contamination from the sources at this site. A serious complication with most previous studies using artificial neural networks (ANN) for contamination source identification has been the large size of the neural networks. We have designed the ANN models which use three different ways of presenting inputs that are categorized by hierarchical K-means clustering. Such an implementation reduces the overall complexity of the model along with high accuracy. The predictive capability of developed models was assessed using performance indices and compared with the ANN models. The results show that the hybrid model of hierarchical K-means clustering and ANN model (HCA-ANN) is a highly accurate model for identifying pollution sources in contaminated water.

Groundwater Quality Assessment through Hydrogeochemical Analysis: Implications for Drinking Water and Pollution

Rajendran Gopinath, Rooby Jessy, Govindan Venkatesan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2023

Vol. 24, iss. 4

104--115

The quality of groundwater and its geochemical features as a source of drinking water are under investigation in the current research. The physical characteristics, cation, and anion chemistry of 201 samples of groundwater were determined. The investigation was conducted in the Southern Indian province of Tamil Nadu, specifically, the Karur District, which is situated between 10°30′ – 11°00′ North latitude and 77°45′ – 78°30′ East longitude, and covers an area of approximately 2900.63 km2. Safe drinking water standards established by the WHO were used for comparison. The majority of samples on the Gibbs plot are inside the rock dominance zone, showing that the chemical of the rock interacts with the groundwater to affect the chemistry of the groundwater. The study region’s Piper plots reveal that most of the samples contain CaCl or CaMgCl. The WQI results for almost all samples were either "excellent" or "good", suggesting they are suitable for human consumption.