The aim of the present work is the description of a novel interferometric approach to the commonly known Malus law. In this approach we have described an analyzer as an element realizing the interference of two waves being the components of the linearly polarized wave emerging from the polarizer. We have proposed a decomposition of the polarization state of the light incident on the analyzer into two different bases. The choice of a first base – linearly polarized – allows interpreting Malus law as an interference of two linearly polarized waves with the same polarization state, different amplitudes and the same phases. The second decomposition, based on circularly polarized vectors, leads to the description in which Malus law can be interpreted as an interference of two waves with the same amplitudes but different phases. This allows the introduction of the concept of the geometric phase into Malus law as well as the visualization of this phase on the Poincaré sphere.
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We have proposed a simple method for determining the sign of optical vortex seeded in optical beam. Our method can be applied to any single optical vortex, also the one with topological charge magnitude higher than 1, as well as to the whole vortex lattice. The proposed method has been verified experimentally for all the cases.
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Artykuł zawiera omówienie obecnego stanu badań nad interferometrią na wirach optycznych. Przedstawione są wyniki dotyczące rozwoju samych interferometrów oraz metod obróbki danych pomiarowych. Przedyskutowane są również niektóre potencjalne zastosowania interferometrii na wirach optycznych.
EN
The paper gives a short overview of the current research work on the optical vortex interferometry. The progress in the development of optical vortex interferometers and methods for interferograms analysis are presented. The possible applications of the optical vortex interferometry are discussed in brief.
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A method of measurement of the optical path difference introduced by the elliptically birefringent medium is presented. The method is based on the spectral analysis of the white light passing through the medium. It offers a wide range of measured path differences and the possibility of being easily applied in an automated measurement setup.
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A method for measuring the birefringence properties of nondichroic media using the Poincare sphere is presented. Simple relations between coordinates of points on the Poincare sphere representing input and output polarization states of light and the point representing first eigenvector of the medium have been found. From these relations the desired polarization parameters of the medium were calculated.
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