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Impacts of Anthropogenic Factors on the Groundwater Ecosystem of Fezouata in South-East of Morocco

Boudellah Abderrazzaq, El Moustaine Radouane, Maliki Abdelmounaim, Moutaouakil Soumia, El Gharmali Abdelhay, Boulanouar Mohamed, El Hachimi Youssef, Ghamizi Mohamed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2022

Vol. 23, nr 5

30--43

The depletion of aquifer systems in arid and semiarid regions worldwide is causing acute water scarcity and quality degradation, and leading to extensive ecosystem damages. Groundwater is exposed to a variety of anthropogenic water pollution, such as raw wastewater disposal in the Draa Wadi and the use of septic tanks. In this respect, a study performed in some wells of Fezouata (South-east of Morocco) aimed at both discovering the main components of the aquatic subterranean fauna unknown up to now in this area, and the potential relationships between this fauna and the water quality The principal physico-chemical characteristics of water were measured between November 2019 to March 2021 for 15 wells, which were selected considering their position with respect to the pollution sources known in surface. The Fezouata groundwater is distinguished by its high salinity with an increasing gradient from upstream to downstream. The aquatic fauna in the 15 wells showed 12 stygofauna species. In the protected wells which are situated far from the pollution sources, the fauna is dominated by Cirolanidae, Hydrobiidae, Metacrangonctydae, Stenasellidae, and Thermosbaenacea. On the other hand, in the less protected well, close to the pollution sources, the fauna is made of epigean species, such as insect’s larva, mainly Culicidae and Chironomidae. The analysis of the water quality and the subterranean biodiversity shows that the latter decreases with increasing groundwater pollution. It seems that the impact of the acute pollution affected the stygocenose even by reducing drastically the biodiversity.

Growth and heavy metals uptake by Vicia faba in mining soil and tolerance of its symbiotic rhizobacteria

El Alaoui Abdelkhalek, Bechtaoui Noura, Benidire Loubna, El Gharmali Abdelhay, Achouak Wafa, Daoui Khalid, Imziln Boujamaa, Oufdou Khalid

Environment Protection Engineering

2019

Vol. 45, nr 1

83--96

Faba bean plants in the 1/8 mixture with soil had the ability to accumulate Pb, Zn and Cu. 95% of the absorbed Pb were in the roots, and Cu and Zn were found in the shoots by 35% and 45%, respectively. There was a decrease in the root hairs and the number of cell layers of the root cortex alongside epidermis lesions. From the 50 tested rhizobacterial strains, 20 were able to grow at 150 mg/dm3 of Pb, 6 were resistant to 150 mg/dm3 of Zn and 8 resisted to 20 mg/dm3 of Cu. Best four strains had adsorption potentials and the biosorption was higher for Cu. These strains were capable of producing auxin and exopolysaccharides. The most tolerant strains (FD1 and FD2) isolated near the mining site produced siderophores and high amounts of exopolysaccharides. The use of such strains and V. faba could be of important biotechnological value in decreasing heavy metal pollution of mining soils.