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The influence of three different test positions and thigh asymmetry on measurements of isometric hip flexion strength in men and women

Mańka Jacek, Bobowik Patrycja, Jaskulski Karol, Wiszomirska Ida, Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2022

Vol. 24, no. 4

49--56

The aim of this study was to compare muscle strength at 90° hip and knee flexion as measured in three different positions and to investigate whether an internal or external deficit in the range of rotation in the hip joint affects flexor muscle strength. Methods: We measured the peak muscle torque of rotation in the hip joint, using isometric torquemeter, and hip ROM in healthy participants N = 40, aged 21.6 ± 1.9, in three different measurement positions. We tested for differences between the positions, and for the potential influence of participant’s sex and ROM asymmetry. Results: The measured peak muscle torque was affected not only by sex and the value of hip flexion affect, but also by the position in which it is measured. Subjects with restricted external rotation of the hip joint (CERD) had significantly higher flexor peak muscle torque compared to subjects with restricted internal rotation (CIRD), in all but the supine position. For CERD, the results were: Supine (SuP) 1.02 ± 0.26; Sitting (StP) 1.32 ± 0.58; Standing (SP) 1.53 ± 0.47; and for CIRD, the results were: Supine (SuP) 1.05 ± 0.17; Sitting (StP) 1.05 ± 0.40; Standing (SP) 1.47 ± 0.53. Conclusions: Overall, measurement position and passive ROM significantly influence the peak muscle torque in isometric conditions. Moreover, an imbalance in thigh rotation movement significantly determines the magnitude of muscle torque of the hip flexion movement. Individuals with increased internal-toexternal rotation achieved significantly higher values for flexor muscle torque force moments. Overall, these findings are of importance for interpreting or comparing any reported values for muscle torque force moments.

The impact of obesity and age on the risk of falls in elderly women

Bobowik Patrycja, Wiszomirska Ida

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2021

Vol. 23, no. 2

123--130

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of obesity and age on body balance disorders in women over 60, especially whether obesity increases the FR in older females and whether age and obesity affect the same stabilographic parameters when it comes to the FR. Methods: The study consisted of 56 inactive females aged 71.77 ± 7.43 (SD). They were divided into groups according to age and obesity. Results: Obesity separately affects FRI12-6, static indicators with eyes closed (OSI EC, APSI EC, MLSI EC), and age affects FRI12-6 and static indices with eyes open (OSI EO, APSI EO). After considering design factors (age and obesity), there were statistically significant differences in OSI EO ( p = 0.027), APSI EO (p = 0.034), FRI12-6 ( p = 0.0002) between obese and non-obese participants in the age groups. There were no statistical differences between non-obese old and obese-young participants ( p = 0.863). The interaction between obesity and age in the FR in static indices and in FRI12-6 ( p = 0.73047) was not significant. Conclusions: Age and obesity affect the stabilographic parameters individually, but there is no interaction effect between them. The presence of only one of the above risk factors may increase the FR. Obesity affects stability, while age depends on other factors. If older people are not obese or fit, involutional changes could be reversed. The type of obesity and the location of the fat tissue should be taken into account in FR assessment.