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EN
Several samples of dusts from steel and coke plants (collected mostly with electro filters) were subjected to the investigation of content of mineral phases in their particles. Additionally, sample of bog iron ore and metallurgical slurry was studied. Next, the magnetic susceptibility of all the samples was determined, and investigations of iron-containing phases were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The values of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility  varied in a wide range: from 59 to above 7000 × 10−8 m3kg−1. The low values are determined for bog iron ore, metallurgical slurry, and coke dusts. The extremely high  was obtained for metallurgical dusts. The Mössbauer spectra and X-ray diffraction patterns point to the presence of the following phases containing iron: hematite and oxidized magnetite (in coke and metallurgical dusts as well as metallurgical slurry), traces of magnetite fi ne grains fraction (in metallurgical dusts), amorphous glassy silicates with paramagnetic Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions, traces of pyrrhotite (in coke dusts), α-Fe and nonstoichiometric wüstite (in metallurgical slurry), as well as ferrihydrite nanoparticles (in bog iron ore). For individual samples of metallurgical dusts, the relative contributions of Fe2+/3+ ions in octahedral B sites and Fe2+ ions in tetrahedral A sites in magnetite spinel structure differs considerably.
EN
Raman spectroscopy as well as Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied in order to study the phase composition of iron nanowires and its changes, caused by annealing in a neutral atmosphere at several temperatures ranging from 200°C to 800°C. As-prepared nanowires were manufactured via a simple chemical reduction in an external magnetic fi eld. Both experimental techniques proved formation of the surface layer covered by crystalline iron oxides, with phase composition dependent on the annealing temperature (Ta). At higher Ta, hematite was the dominant phase in the nanowires.
EN
The investigations of iron-containing phases existing in fly ashes were performed using transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. The examined samples of fly ashes were collected from different coal combustion systems, that is, stoker-fired boiler in municipal heating plant and pulverized coal boiler in power plant. Several phases are identifi ed in the samples: iron oxides, paramagnetic aluminosilicate glass with Fe3+ ions and Al2O4- -type spinel with Fe2+ ions. It was pointed out that proportions of contents of phases strongly depend not only on the combustion temperature but also on the way of ash collection.
EN
This work reports results from comparative Mossbauer studies of as-deposited and annealed Fe100.xGax (10 less - than or equal to x less - than or equal to 35) high magnetostrictive thin films of constant thickness (50 plus or minus 2 nm). Films were grown on Si(100) substrates using a co-sputtering and evaporation chamber where Fe has been sputtered and Ga was evaporated. During growth of films, a magnetic field of 65 kA/m has been applied in the plane of the film. Annealed films have been obtained by heating in vacuum for 1 h at 350 centigrade without magnetic field. After annealing, the saturation field of the Fe-Ga films has been significantly reduced. By means of the 57Fe CEMS technique the contributions from several phases have been found: Fe-Ga A2 (bcc), traces of DO3 phase, a gallium-rich disordered phase and iron oxides (both geothite and magnetite). For the sample with x = 26.5 the heat treatment reduces the DO3 phase content whereas for the film with x = 16.4 the opposite tendency has been observed. Mossbauer results were compared with XRD and MOKE findings.
EN
Environmental dusts of urban and industrial origin are one of the most important factors responsible for air and soil pollution - mainly because of heavy metals content. In this work a dust collected from the acoustic barriers of E-77 expressway (Poland) has been investigated. Chemical analysis was performed by means of atomic absorption spectrometer with flame atomization (F-AAS). Fe, Al and Zn metals dominate in the investigated road dusts. Mossbauer spectra collected at room temperature enabled the identification of several iron-containing phases in the dust. Some traces of hematite and magnetite have been found as well as alfa-Fe phase in ferromagnetic state. A significant component could be interpreted as pure iron in paramagnetic state. The dominating doublet in the spectrum of high quadrupole splitting could correspond to iron carbonates. Complementary measurements of low-field AC magnetic susceptibility confirmed a different metal content in the road dust samples collected from different altitudes of acoustic barriers.
PL
W artykule opisano sposób adaptacji metody śledzenia promienia odwrotnego do badania i symulacji radiacyjnej wymiany ciepła w układach wypełnionych ośrodkami optycznie czynnymi. Przeprowadzono symulacje rozchodzenia się promieniowania cieplnego dla modelu pieca przemysłowego wypełnionego ośrodkiem absorbująco - promieniującym. Oceniono i porównano dokładność uzyskanych wyników oraz czas trwania obliczeń z wynikami uzyskanymi z wykorzystaniem różnych metod symulacyjnych.
EN
In the article the possibility of adaptation backward ray tracing method to modeling and simulation radiative energy transfer in systems with participating media was shown. Calculations were performed for furnace chamber filled with absorbing - emmiting gas. Accuracy and duration of calculations using different methods were compared.
EN
In the article the selected methods of modeling radiative energy transfer in participating media were compared. Calculations were performed for furnace chamber filled an absorbing-emmiting gas. Accuracy and duration of calculations using different methods were compared.
PL
W artykule opisano sposób modelowania radiacyjnego transportu energii w układach wypełnionych ośrodkami absorbująco-emitującymi z wykorzystaniem metody śledzenia promienia odwrotnego uzupełnionej dodatkowymi procedurami. Przedstawiono przykładowy model rozchodzenia się promieniowania cieplnego w układzie składającym się komory pieca przemysłowego wypełnionego ośrodkiem aktywnym. Zastosowano różne podejścia do analizy emisji i absorpcji gazu.
EN
The article describes the way of modeling of radiative heat transfer in systems filled an absorbing and emitting gases using backward ray tracing method together with additional scripts. The model of propagation thermal radiation in chamber of industrial furnace filled an active medium was shown. Different models of absorption and emission of gases were put into use.
PL
Radiowy moduł kryptograficzny (RMK) jest urządzeniem utajniającym, służącym do ochrony informacji o klauzuli do Tajne włącznie, przesyłanych w sieciach radiowych UKF i KF. Kryptografia RMK została oparta na narodowych algorytmach szyfrów strumieniowego i blokowego oraz funkcji skrótu. Kryptografia oraz kompletne rozwiązanie techniczne są oryginalnymi opracowaniami powstałymi w Zakładzie Kryptologii WIŁ.
EN
The Radio Cryptographic Module (RCM) is an information security module that provides security for voice and data transmissions in military radio communications. The RCM ensures high-grade security level using national cryptography and key management system. Unique cryptographic and technical solutions implemented in the RCM are worked out in Military Communication Institute.
EN
In the article the method of testing the influence of heat element geometrical dimensions on distribution of heat irradiance on furnace’s wall was shown. Calculations were realized using backward ray tracing method in Radiance system together with additional scripts. The results and their interpretations were presented.
EN
The article focuses on methods of modelling radiative transfer of energy in systems with absorbing-emitting media. The differential and integral approaches to the problem are discussed. Furthermore, the article explores the possibility of adapting the Radiance software package, which is based on the backward ray tracing technique, for modelling and simulation of radiative heat transfer in systems with participating media.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano sposób badania wpływu wymiarów geometrycznych wężownicy grzejnej pracującej w piecu rezystancyjnym ze względu na rozkłady natężenia napromienienia. Symulacji dokonano za pomocą systemu Radiance wraz z dodatkowymi skryptami. Przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki dla ściany pieca rezystancyjnego i wężownicy grzejnej o przekroju prostokątnym oraz ich interpretację.
EN
In the article the optimization method of geometrical dimensions for resistance furnace's heat element was shown. Calculations were realized using backward ray tracing method in Radiance system together with additional scripts. The results and their interpretations were presented.
PL
W artykule opisano w jaki sposób absorbujące materiały przeźroczyste - głównie gazy - wpływają na rozchodzenie się promieniowania optycznego i wymianę radiacyjną, jakimi równaniami ten wpływ można opisać oraz w jaki sposób można modelować obliczenia związane z radiacyjną wymianą ciepła w układach zawierających ośrodki absorbujące. Przedstawiono sposób realizacji obliczeń wykorzystujący metodę śledzenia promienia odwrotnego w systemie Radiance wraz z dodatkowymi skryptami. Dla układu płyta-taśma przedzielonego ośrodkiem pochłaniającym promieniowanie przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki oraz ich interpretację.
EN
The article describes half-transparent and absorbed materials influence - mainly gases - on optical radiation spreading and radiation exchange. It is shown what equations this influence can be described and in what way calculations of radiation heat transfer can be modeled in systems including half-transparent absorbed medium. Then, a way of realization of calculations using backward ray tracing method in Radiance system together with additional scripts was given. For the plate-belt system with radiation absorbing medium between the results and their interpretations are presented.
EN
The RADIANCE environment, originally developed for visualisation purposes, makes il possible (after being complemented with relevant procedures describing radiative heat transfer) to model and simulate systems of visible radiation and thermal radiation. One example of using RADIANCE in radiative heat transfer systems involves modelling results indicating that it is possible to investigate the effects of changes in geometrical dimensions of a heating coil installed in a resistance furnace on the uniformity of irradiance distribution. The results presented below apply to the wall of a resistance furnace and a heating coil with a rectangular cross-section. On the other hand, the application of the Radiance environment to determine the photometric solid of an automotive headlight lamp is an example documenting the potential for simulation-based computation of basic values of light quantities. The modelling technique adopted makes it possible to eliminate the majority of simplifications inherent in traditional methods, concerning the shape of the reflector and other elements of the luminaire. The account below presents results of computations for a car projector headlight equipped with a transparent lamp lens and basic optical system.
EN
The effect of addition of Co and V on the hyperfine parameters of amorphous as well as nanocrystalline Finemet-type alloys has been studied by means of transmission Mössbauer spectrometry. It was stated that these elements infiltrate into crystalline grains in the course of crystallization, what causes alteration in structure. Different evolution of magnetic hyperfine field is reported in both cases and analyzed. In the series of alloys substituted by vanadium, the substantial paramagnetic component attributed to iron-poor regions in the amorphous remainder was found.
PL
Obliczanie opraw oświetleniowych o rzeczywistych kształtach, w których do budowy elementów optycznych stosuje się materiały o różnych charakterystykach , fotometrycznych wymaga zastosowania komputerowych metod obliczeniowych. Algorytm realizujący obliczenia można zbudować w oparciu o metody umożliwiające wykonanie obliczeń bez konieczności przyjmowania założeń upraszczających, które należy przyjąć stosując powszechnie znaną analityczna (klasyczna) metodę obliczania opraw oświetleniowych [1,2]. Jedną z metod komputerowych jest metoda śledzenia promienia wykorzystywana w różnych jej odmianach (metoda promieni świetlnych, metoda promieni odwrotnych). W niniejszej pracy do obliczania opraw oświetleniowych wykorzystano metodę śledzenia promienia odwrotnego [3, 4] (ang. backward ray tracing). Metoda ta stosowana jest w grafice komputerowej do tworzenia obrazów wizualizacji. Jak wykazano w wielu pracach metodę tę można wykorzystywać do wykonywania różnorodnych obliczeń w technice świetlnej [6, 7, 8, 9].
PL
W artykule opisano w jaki sposób absorbujące materiały przeźroczyste - głównie gazy - wpływają na rozchodzenie się promieniowania optycznego i wymianę radiacyjną, jakimi równaniami ten wpływ można opisać oraz w jaki sposób można modelować obliczenia związane z radiacyjną wymianą ciepła w układach zawierających ośrodki absorbujące. Przedstawiono sposób realizacji obliczeń wykorzystujący metodę śledzenia promienia odwrotnego w systemie Radiance wraz z dodatkowymi skryptami. Dla układu płyta-taśma przedzielonego ośrodkiem pochłaniającym promieniowanie przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki oraz ich interpretację.
EN
The article describes half-transparent and absorbed materials influence - mainly gases - on optical radiation spreading and radiation exchange. It is shown what equations this influence can be described and in what way calculations of radiation heat transfer can be modeled in systems including half-transparent absorbed medium. Then, a way of realization of calculations using backward ray tracing method in Radiance system together with additional scripts was given. For the plate-belt system with radiation absorbing medium between the results and their interpretations are presented.
18
Content available remote Evolution of hyperfine parameters in Co-doped FINEMET
EN
The influence of Co addition on microstructure and hyperfine parameters of (Fe1-xCox)73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloys has been studied by means of 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry. In the amorphous ribbons fabricated by melt-spinning technique, the systematic changes of mean hyperfine field and isomer shift with cobalt content have been stated. In the annealed, nanocrystalline samples, the DO3-type structure of Fe(Co)-Si grains evolves into the bcc (Fe,Co)Si substitutional solid solution when increasing x. Simultaneously, the amorphous matrix is depleted in iron and cobalt. The observed increase of mean hyperfine field is attributed to the enrichment of nanocrystallites in magnetic elements as well as segregation of iron.
EN
Structure and hyperfine interactions of amorphous and nanocrystalline FINEMET were investigated by means of Mössbauer spectrometry. It was found that substitution of x iron atoms with aluminum ones causes changes in the properties of both amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys as well as in the structure of individual phases. The reduction of hyperfine magnetic field caused by atom substitution is a non-linear function of x, unlike the linear dependence expected because of dilution. Temperature studies reveal a double magnetic phase transition at 250°C and 330°C as well as point to the variety of phases in the examined material.
EN
In this work hyperfine fields of two-phase nanocrystalline Fe72Cu1.5Nb4Si13.5B9 alloys were studied in order to verify the existence of surface effects. To obtain a series of nanocrystalline samples with small grains of different sizes, a special non- -isothermal annealing procedure of an initially amorphous ribbon was applied. In the case of samples with a significant amount of crystallites, a high field (about 27.5 T) component of continuous part of the hyperfine field distribution was found that could be attributed to boundary regions between the grains and rest of the sample. The existence of the surface effects was confirmed in the magnetostrictive experiment.
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